Overview/Physical Assessment Flashcards
AROM
Active Range of Motion => PT performs self
PROM
Passive Range of Motion => Examiner performs, while the patient relaxes
RROM
Resisted Range of Motion => Patient performs while Examiner provides resistance
Manual resistance is applied to a limb or other body part after it has completed (stopped moving) its ROM is called _______
Break testing
Break testing is also referred as ________
Resisted Isometric Movements -or-
Resisted Range of Motion (RROM)
Break testing is used for
Testing myotomes and muscle/tendon lesions
Test for a ‘locked’ feeling
Manual resistance is applied to a limb or other body part against an actively contracting (moving) muscle or group of muscles
Active resistance testing
Active resistance testing is use for
Testing myotomes and muscle/tendon lesions
Tests for myotome and muscle/tendon lesion
- Break testing
* Active resistance testing
For MMT (manual muscle testing) test what first? Why?
Normal side first to
- establish a baseline
- give the patient heads up for what to expect
What comes first active or passive?
Active b/c more clear of what the patient is capable of
What movements are left toward the end? Why?
Painful movemt, avoids pain overflow
What movements do the patients have to do in order to see what increases the pain?
- repeat movement several times
* hold position
What are PROM or ligamentous tests showing?
The DEGREE OF OPENING and the END FEEL
When testing myotomes when performing manual muscle testing, how long should the patient hold the contraction? Why?
5 seconds b/c myotome weakness takes time to develop
What should you inform the patient of when testing?
Post testing soreness
Referring patient out when
condition is beyond scope of practice, needing surgery etc.
While testing PROM and AROM/RROM with muscle injury, what kind of pains are to expect?
PROM = stretch pain AROM/RROM = contraction pain
With muscle rupture what is noticed?
- Absence of pain b/c nerve is torn
* No Strength/Weakness
Muscle grading ranges from
0 to 5
5 for muscle grading is given when
Complete ROM against gravity with maximal resistance = NORMAL
ZERO for muscle grading is given when
NO contraction palpated
The quality of movement perceived by the practitioner at the very end of the available ROM.
End Feel
Test ligaments slowly (PROM) from gently to stronger to prevent
muscle spasm
normal vs. abnormal elbow extension (osteophyte formation) hard feel
Example of ?
Bone to Bone End Feel
Knee flexion, mushy feel
Example of ?
Soft tissue approximation
Hamstring or Calf Stretch, springy feel
Example of ?
Tissue stretch
Can occur if moving too quickly when testing, sudden & hard
Example of ?
Muscle spasm
Swelling, frozen shoulder, thicker stretch quality feel
Example of ?
Capsular
Pain stops movement, no end feel
Example of ?
Empty
Limited knee extension with meniscal damage, springy where you won’t expect it
Example of ?
Springy
Is the degree to which a special test produces consistent results
Reliability
Is how well a test measures what it is supposed to.
Validity
How well a GROUP of practitioners perform multiple repetitions of a test retrieves consistent results.
INTER-rater reliability
How well a ONE practitioner performs multiple repetitions of a test retrieves consistent results.
INTRA-rater reliability
What types of tests are there? (5)
- Joint & Muscle Function Assessment
- Joint Stability Test
- Special Test
- Neurological Assessment
- Vascular Assessment
