Overview/History Flashcards
Determines most common pathology type present in that population, often the degree of degenerative change
Age
Certain pathologies are present in greater degree in one gender vs another
Sex
Past medical history? Get clues:
Listen !!!
• Story
• Similar or reoccurring injury?
• What does the patient think the problem is?
Activity level means what in Ortho?
- Occupation
- Repetitive stresses
- Predictor of Homework adherence
What are the components of HISTORY?
Age Sex Past medical History Activity Level Main Complaint PAIN
WHAT is part of pathology identification (HIPS)?
- History
- Inspection/Observation
- Palpation
- Special Testing
What does the Main Complaint involve? What? When? How? Where?
What? 1) Was a diagnosis already given? When? 2) Timeline How? 3) Mechanism of injury Where? 4) Structures involved 5) Level of disability
Timeline of a New Condition is within
3 months
Body can’t resolve a condition on its own if the timeframe is _______
> 3 months or 100 days
==> INTERVENTION is necessary
_______ pain which can present in a chronic condition as part of the pain cycle.
Acute
What needs to be understood to help determine the severity of the injury & the most likely tissues involved.
i.e accident, degenerative, repetitive process
Mechanism of Injury
Identifying what determines the recovery rate based on its blood supply?
Structures involved
What does the level of disability exactly mean?
Movements produce or relieve pain give a clue on
a) tissues that are involved
b) the pathology itself
What are the pain question of the level of disability?
When does it hurt?
Can you make it hurt?
What makes it hurt the most?
“An unpleasant SENSORY and EMOTIONAL experience associated with actual or potential tissue DAMAGE, or described in terms such a damage.”
PAIN
A noxious potentially damaging biological process of pain.
Nociception
Pain recording (name 4 Factors) will create a baseline for your _________
• Location • Intensity • Frequency • Duration Baseline for intervention
As an acupuncturist what is important to do with pain location?
Using either anatomical or acupuncture language to precisely describe the location of pain, since it will change with treatment.
What are the 3 pain qualities?
1 - paroxysmal (sudden)
2 - superficial
3 - deep
PAROXYSMAL pain sensations
sharp, shooting, hot, electric, radiating
sharp shooter [hides behind] hot electric radiator
SUPERFICIAL pain sensations
cold, numb, tingling, sensitive, itchy
Haende in einem Fingerhandschuh
DEEP pain sensations
achy, heavy, cramping & throbbing
Pain Types (6)
- Somatic
- Neuropathic
- Psychogenic
- Visceral
- Sympathetic
- Phantom
Orthopedic, nociceptive pain, activation of pain receptors in the skin and musculoskeletal system (muscle, bone, tendon, ligament etc.)
Type of Pain?
Somatic
Either SPINAL CORD or PERIPHERAL nerve pain such as tingling, burning, pins & needles, stinging, to name a few.
Type of Pain?
Neuropathic
Mental, emotional, social or behavioral producers of pain.
Type of Pain?
Psychogenic
Activation of pain receptors from the internal organs.
Visceral
Pain signals sent to the brain by the sympathetic nervous system. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Sympathetic
Pain related to a lost limb
Phantom
Tong zhi bu tong [tong … tong]
If there is free flow there is no pain
Bu tong zhi tong [BOOH :( ]
If there is no free flow there is pain
Stagnation doesn’t always produce pain. It can also produce ______ (5)
- stiffness
- tightness
- decrease in ROM (range of motion) of a joint
- numbness
- paraesthesia
Qi and Blood flow together, if you see these symptoms: DULL, ACHY, DIFFUSE LOCATION, NOT AS PALPABLE which STAGNATION is this?
Qi
Qi and Blood flow together, if you see these symptoms: STRONG, SHARP PAIN, FIXED LOCATION, PALPABLE which STAGNATION is this?
Blood
Tissue damage from trauma, both acute and cumulative leads to (in most cases) _______?
Why?
Blood stag b/c inflammation that is part of the repair
A skin area innervated by the sensory fivers of a single nerve root.
Dermatome
A group of muscles primarily innervated by the motor fivers of a single nerve root.
Myotome
Innervation Zones (IZ) are …
… motor fibers @ specific muscles @ specific zones
Spinal nerves have both a) and b)
a) motor fibers
b) sensory fibers
Sensory fibers innervate _____
specific areas of skin
