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Respiratory > Overview Of URIs And LRIs > Flashcards

Overview Of URIs And LRIs Flashcards

1
Q

Fever in viruses

A

Almost always cause fevers in children

May or may not (usually not) causes fevers in adults

most viruses are also self-limiting, but there are exceptions

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2
Q

Secondary bacterial infections

A

Caused as a complication of atrial infection

  • usually has to do with over production fo mucus and/or making the host body a reasonable environment for a bacteria infection to occur
  • remember that bacterial infections like overproduction of mucus since hiding in mucus makes it harder to be spotted by the immune system*

Often starts when the cold symptoms (virus) peak or are just resolving.

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3
Q

Upper vs lower tract review

A

Upper: everything above the larynx and including larynx

Lower: every thing trachea and below

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4
Q

Otitis externa/swimmers ear

A

Infection for he external ear canal
- CC = ear pain, especially when palpating the tragus or moving the external ear manipulation

Tympanic membrane will look swollen apon exam

Risks:

  • being a swimmer
  • inserting anything into the ears
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5
Q

Otitis media

A

Infection in the middle ear

  • CC: generalized ear pain that may include a fever and/or sound dulling
  • no tragus tenderness thou

Often caused by a bacterial infection secondary to viral infections
- more common in children and usually unilateral

Upon exam, the tympanic membrane will look yellow/white and vascular as well as swollen or retracted

Can cause tympanic rupture if not treated
also can cause (most resolve on its own however, except young children)
- mastoiditis
- meningitis

Risks:
- having a chronic viral infection

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6
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation and congestion of the nasal cavity/ nasopharynx that blocks eustachian tube
- causes the middle ear pressure to not be Able to equalize and causes ear pain in the process
CC: runny nose w/ ear pain
- no tragus tenderness though
- tympanic membrane is normal looking

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7
Q

Viral rhinitis (cold)

A

Generalized virus that infects the upper respiratory tracts (But not the nasal mucosa

CC: cold symptoms

  • nasal congestion
  • sore throat
  • cough
  • headache
  • usually no fever
  • lasts <10 days
  • nasal discharge is normal looking
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8
Q

Viral sinusitis

A

Generalized virus that infects the upper respiratory tract as well as the nasal mucosa and sinuses

CC: runny nose and congestion w/ generalized cold symptoms

  • nasal discharge is usually green/yellow
  • bilateral or unilateral facial pain along the sinuses (especially frontal and maxillary)
  • upper tooth pain may present and is usually diagnostic
  • no fever usually
  • lasts <10days
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9
Q

Bacterial sinusitis

A

Bacteria induced inflammation of the sinuses and nasal mucosa

CC: runny nose and congestion w/ the exact same symptoms as viral sinusitis

  • often unilateral pains
  • IS A FEVER
  • also lasts > 10days
  • usually results after a viral URI
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10
Q

Generalized Viral pharyngitis (cold)

A

Generalized virus that infects the throat specifically

CC: cold symptoms and sore throat

  • nasal congestion
  • sore throat
  • cough
  • headache
  • usually no fever
  • lasts <10 days
  • nasal discharge is normal looking
  • no tonsillar exudate
  • no lymphadenopathy
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11
Q

Thrush

A

White plaques on the oral mucosa that are friable (destroyable) w/ red bases

  • usually accompanies viral infections or bacterial infections
  • more common in young or immunosupression patients
  • often asymptomatic
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12
Q

Viral pharyngitis herpangina (hand/foot/mouth disease)

A

Herpes virus that infects the throat specifically (coxsackie virus)

CC: cold symptoms and sore throat similar to viral pharyngitis except:

  • there IS a FEVER
  • often oral painful lesions (similar to thrush/ulcerations)
  • if it is hand/foot disease, will also show lesions on the hands/feet (looks like a sunburn peeling off
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13
Q

Viral pharyngitis caused by HIV

A

HIV viruses that infects the throat

CC: same symptoms as viral pharyngitis except:

  • PRODUCES FEVER
  • painful oral ulcers are also present
  • lymphadenopathy present
  • GI symptoms may also be present
  • usually history of high-risk sex or IV drug use (but this isnt diagnositic)
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14
Q

Viral pharyngitis caused by Mononucleosis or Epstein Barr virus (MONO)

A

EBV viruses infect the throat

CC: produces the following

  • produces FEVER
  • tonsillar exudate (white splotches is present
  • prolonged fatigue
  • lymphadenopathy (in posterior auricular and posterior cervical)
  • if untreated or long time infected, causes spleen issues (possible rupture of the spleen if playing contact sports)
  • NO COLD SYMPTOMS
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15
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)

A

Step induced infection of the throat

CC: need 3 out of 4 of the following

  • Fever
  • White tonsillar exudate (similar to mono)
  • lymphadenopathy in the anterior submandibular, anterior cervical and tonsills
  • NO COUGH
  • NO COLD SYMPTOMS
  • note can be self-limiting, problem is it can cause the following if chronic*
  • rheumatic fever
  • glomerulonephritis
  • peritonsillar abscess
  • bacteremia
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16
Q

Viral laryngitis

A

Generalized viral infection of the larynx

CC: hoarse or muffled voice

  • no fever
  • May present w/ generalized cold symptoms
  • lasts <10days
17
Q

Croup

A

CC: hoarse voice

  • FEVER PRESENT
  • usually younger children
  • “barking cough”
  • inspiratory stridor (w/ possible Expiratory stridor as well)
  • symptoms are worse at night and better in cold/humid areas
  • self-limiting and lasts 3-7 days

Most commonly caused by parainfluenza viruses

18
Q

Peritonsillar cellulitis/ abscesses

A

CC: hoarse or muffled voice w/ the following

  • FEVER present
  • sore throat (usually only on one side)
  • cellulitis w/ tonsillar swelling
  • abscesses that are unilateral usually around the uvula (uvula will physically be pushed away from the abscess)
19
Q

Epiglottis

A

CC: hoarse of muffled voice

  • FEVER present
  • respiratory distress obvious
  • drooling
  • dysphasia
  • tripod positioning when trying to breath
  • often seen in children especially those not vaccinated for flu
  • is a medical emergency
20
Q

Viral bronchitis

A

Generalized viral Infection of the bronchi

Cc: coughing

  • no fever
  • generalized col symptoms
  • self limiting and lasts <10 days ( cough can last longer though)
21
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Usually respiratory syncytial virus infections of the bronchioles
- usually in children but can infect adults also

CC: cough

  • FEVER present
  • nasal discharge
  • dysphagia
  • wheezing and sometimes rales
  • hypoxic/cyanosis may be present
  • self limiting for 2-3 weeks w/ supportive care (although you must monitor kids since it can get really bad)
22
Q

Pertussis/whooping cough

A

Pertussis infection that is life-threatening in children

CC: 3 phases

1) catarrhal phase (1-2 weeks)
- cold-like symptoms
- low grade fever may or may not be present

2) paroxysmal (10 weeks if left untreated)
- intense “whooping cough” episodes
- inspiratory “whoop” (similar to stridor) sound
- vomiting after coughing (may or may not be present)
- no fever
- cyanosis/ apnea in kids (deadly)

3) convalescent (12 weeks if untreated)
- coughing w/ no severe symptoms

23
Q

Influenza

A

Most common cause of coughing at all ages
- seasonal usually peaking in winter

CC: cough

  • FEVER present
  • rapid onset of all symptoms (less than 1 day usually)
  • cold-like symptoms
  • tachycardia/tachypnea
  • severe fatigue (usually wont want to get ready for the day)
  • Lungs usually are normal but can show rales diffusely
  • No dyspnea
  • no vomiting or diarrhea (is stomach flu if present, completely different)
  • no xray findings

must recognize this since if not can lead to pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome

24
Q

COVID-19

- severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2

A

Similar to influenza symptoms

Differences include

  • varying symptoms
  • dyspnea is present
  • GI symptoms are likely (diarrhea)
  • high risk of viral pneumonia (higher than flu)
  • no xray findings

because of unknown, risk of exposure is taken heavily into account

Mortality is 15x higher than flu

  • older adults are the highest risk
  • immunosuppressive or comorbitities increase chance also
  • children, unlike flu, are very unlikely to develop bad symptoms
25
Q

Bacterial pneumonia

A

Multiple subtypes (can be hospital or community acquired)

CC: generalized symptoms include

  • FEVER
  • chest pain
  • dyspnea
  • Tachycardia/tachypnea
  • unilateral lung abnormalities
  • chest xray shows unilateral diffuse edema
  • more common in elderly and immunocompromised patients and smokers

Often occurs secondary to a viral URI

26
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Common among people in poverty or immunocompromised populations

Primary TB is usually asymptomatic

Reactivating TB 
CC: coughing that gets worse 
- prolonged fever 
- night sweats 
- weight loss 
- hemoptysis May be present

Respiratory (40 decks)

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