Overview Of URIs And LRIs Flashcards
(26 cards)
Fever in viruses
Almost always cause fevers in children
May or may not (usually not) causes fevers in adults
most viruses are also self-limiting, but there are exceptions
Secondary bacterial infections
Caused as a complication of atrial infection
- usually has to do with over production fo mucus and/or making the host body a reasonable environment for a bacteria infection to occur
- remember that bacterial infections like overproduction of mucus since hiding in mucus makes it harder to be spotted by the immune system*
Often starts when the cold symptoms (virus) peak or are just resolving.
Upper vs lower tract review
Upper: everything above the larynx and including larynx
Lower: every thing trachea and below
Otitis externa/swimmers ear
Infection for he external ear canal
- CC = ear pain, especially when palpating the tragus or moving the external ear manipulation
Tympanic membrane will look swollen apon exam
Risks:
- being a swimmer
- inserting anything into the ears
Otitis media
Infection in the middle ear
- CC: generalized ear pain that may include a fever and/or sound dulling
- no tragus tenderness thou
Often caused by a bacterial infection secondary to viral infections
- more common in children and usually unilateral
Upon exam, the tympanic membrane will look yellow/white and vascular as well as swollen or retracted
Can cause tympanic rupture if not treated
also can cause (most resolve on its own however, except young children)
- mastoiditis
- meningitis
Risks:
- having a chronic viral infection
Rhinitis
Inflammation and congestion of the nasal cavity/ nasopharynx that blocks eustachian tube
- causes the middle ear pressure to not be Able to equalize and causes ear pain in the process
CC: runny nose w/ ear pain
- no tragus tenderness though
- tympanic membrane is normal looking
Viral rhinitis (cold)
Generalized virus that infects the upper respiratory tracts (But not the nasal mucosa
CC: cold symptoms
- nasal congestion
- sore throat
- cough
- headache
- usually no fever
- lasts <10 days
- nasal discharge is normal looking
Viral sinusitis
Generalized virus that infects the upper respiratory tract as well as the nasal mucosa and sinuses
CC: runny nose and congestion w/ generalized cold symptoms
- nasal discharge is usually green/yellow
- bilateral or unilateral facial pain along the sinuses (especially frontal and maxillary)
- upper tooth pain may present and is usually diagnostic
- no fever usually
- lasts <10days
Bacterial sinusitis
Bacteria induced inflammation of the sinuses and nasal mucosa
CC: runny nose and congestion w/ the exact same symptoms as viral sinusitis
- often unilateral pains
- IS A FEVER
- also lasts > 10days
- usually results after a viral URI
Generalized Viral pharyngitis (cold)
Generalized virus that infects the throat specifically
CC: cold symptoms and sore throat
- nasal congestion
- sore throat
- cough
- headache
- usually no fever
- lasts <10 days
- nasal discharge is normal looking
- no tonsillar exudate
- no lymphadenopathy
Thrush
White plaques on the oral mucosa that are friable (destroyable) w/ red bases
- usually accompanies viral infections or bacterial infections
- more common in young or immunosupression patients
- often asymptomatic
Viral pharyngitis herpangina (hand/foot/mouth disease)
Herpes virus that infects the throat specifically (coxsackie virus)
CC: cold symptoms and sore throat similar to viral pharyngitis except:
- there IS a FEVER
- often oral painful lesions (similar to thrush/ulcerations)
- if it is hand/foot disease, will also show lesions on the hands/feet (looks like a sunburn peeling off
Viral pharyngitis caused by HIV
HIV viruses that infects the throat
CC: same symptoms as viral pharyngitis except:
- PRODUCES FEVER
- painful oral ulcers are also present
- lymphadenopathy present
- GI symptoms may also be present
- usually history of high-risk sex or IV drug use (but this isnt diagnositic)
Viral pharyngitis caused by Mononucleosis or Epstein Barr virus (MONO)
EBV viruses infect the throat
CC: produces the following
- produces FEVER
- tonsillar exudate (white splotches is present
- prolonged fatigue
- lymphadenopathy (in posterior auricular and posterior cervical)
- if untreated or long time infected, causes spleen issues (possible rupture of the spleen if playing contact sports)
- NO COLD SYMPTOMS
Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)
Step induced infection of the throat
CC: need 3 out of 4 of the following
- Fever
- White tonsillar exudate (similar to mono)
- lymphadenopathy in the anterior submandibular, anterior cervical and tonsills
- NO COUGH
- NO COLD SYMPTOMS
- note can be self-limiting, problem is it can cause the following if chronic*
- rheumatic fever
- glomerulonephritis
- peritonsillar abscess
- bacteremia
Viral laryngitis
Generalized viral infection of the larynx
CC: hoarse or muffled voice
- no fever
- May present w/ generalized cold symptoms
- lasts <10days
Croup
CC: hoarse voice
- FEVER PRESENT
- usually younger children
- “barking cough”
- inspiratory stridor (w/ possible Expiratory stridor as well)
- symptoms are worse at night and better in cold/humid areas
- self-limiting and lasts 3-7 days
Most commonly caused by parainfluenza viruses
Peritonsillar cellulitis/ abscesses
CC: hoarse or muffled voice w/ the following
- FEVER present
- sore throat (usually only on one side)
- cellulitis w/ tonsillar swelling
- abscesses that are unilateral usually around the uvula (uvula will physically be pushed away from the abscess)
Epiglottis
CC: hoarse of muffled voice
- FEVER present
- respiratory distress obvious
- drooling
- dysphasia
- tripod positioning when trying to breath
- often seen in children especially those not vaccinated for flu
- is a medical emergency
Viral bronchitis
Generalized viral Infection of the bronchi
Cc: coughing
- no fever
- generalized col symptoms
- self limiting and lasts <10 days ( cough can last longer though)
Bronchiolitis
Usually respiratory syncytial virus infections of the bronchioles
- usually in children but can infect adults also
CC: cough
- FEVER present
- nasal discharge
- dysphagia
- wheezing and sometimes rales
- hypoxic/cyanosis may be present
- self limiting for 2-3 weeks w/ supportive care (although you must monitor kids since it can get really bad)
Pertussis/whooping cough
Pertussis infection that is life-threatening in children
CC: 3 phases
1) catarrhal phase (1-2 weeks)
- cold-like symptoms
- low grade fever may or may not be present
2) paroxysmal (10 weeks if left untreated)
- intense “whooping cough” episodes
- inspiratory “whoop” (similar to stridor) sound
- vomiting after coughing (may or may not be present)
- no fever
- cyanosis/ apnea in kids (deadly)
3) convalescent (12 weeks if untreated)
- coughing w/ no severe symptoms
Influenza
Most common cause of coughing at all ages
- seasonal usually peaking in winter
CC: cough
- FEVER present
- rapid onset of all symptoms (less than 1 day usually)
- cold-like symptoms
- tachycardia/tachypnea
- severe fatigue (usually wont want to get ready for the day)
- Lungs usually are normal but can show rales diffusely
- No dyspnea
- no vomiting or diarrhea (is stomach flu if present, completely different)
- no xray findings
must recognize this since if not can lead to pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome
COVID-19
- severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2
Similar to influenza symptoms
Differences include
- varying symptoms
- dyspnea is present
- GI symptoms are likely (diarrhea)
- high risk of viral pneumonia (higher than flu)
- no xray findings
because of unknown, risk of exposure is taken heavily into account
Mortality is 15x higher than flu
- older adults are the highest risk
- immunosuppressive or comorbitities increase chance also
- children, unlike flu, are very unlikely to develop bad symptoms
