Overview Of URIs And LRIs Flashcards
Fever in viruses
Almost always cause fevers in children
May or may not (usually not) causes fevers in adults
most viruses are also self-limiting, but there are exceptions
Secondary bacterial infections
Caused as a complication of atrial infection
- usually has to do with over production fo mucus and/or making the host body a reasonable environment for a bacteria infection to occur
- remember that bacterial infections like overproduction of mucus since hiding in mucus makes it harder to be spotted by the immune system*
Often starts when the cold symptoms (virus) peak or are just resolving.
Upper vs lower tract review
Upper: everything above the larynx and including larynx
Lower: every thing trachea and below
Otitis externa/swimmers ear
Infection for he external ear canal
- CC = ear pain, especially when palpating the tragus or moving the external ear manipulation
Tympanic membrane will look swollen apon exam
Risks:
- being a swimmer
- inserting anything into the ears
Otitis media
Infection in the middle ear
- CC: generalized ear pain that may include a fever and/or sound dulling
- no tragus tenderness thou
Often caused by a bacterial infection secondary to viral infections
- more common in children and usually unilateral
Upon exam, the tympanic membrane will look yellow/white and vascular as well as swollen or retracted
Can cause tympanic rupture if not treated
also can cause (most resolve on its own however, except young children)
- mastoiditis
- meningitis
Risks:
- having a chronic viral infection
Rhinitis
Inflammation and congestion of the nasal cavity/ nasopharynx that blocks eustachian tube
- causes the middle ear pressure to not be Able to equalize and causes ear pain in the process
CC: runny nose w/ ear pain
- no tragus tenderness though
- tympanic membrane is normal looking
Viral rhinitis (cold)
Generalized virus that infects the upper respiratory tracts (But not the nasal mucosa
CC: cold symptoms
- nasal congestion
- sore throat
- cough
- headache
- usually no fever
- lasts <10 days
- nasal discharge is normal looking
Viral sinusitis
Generalized virus that infects the upper respiratory tract as well as the nasal mucosa and sinuses
CC: runny nose and congestion w/ generalized cold symptoms
- nasal discharge is usually green/yellow
- bilateral or unilateral facial pain along the sinuses (especially frontal and maxillary)
- upper tooth pain may present and is usually diagnostic
- no fever usually
- lasts <10days
Bacterial sinusitis
Bacteria induced inflammation of the sinuses and nasal mucosa
CC: runny nose and congestion w/ the exact same symptoms as viral sinusitis
- often unilateral pains
- IS A FEVER
- also lasts > 10days
- usually results after a viral URI
Generalized Viral pharyngitis (cold)
Generalized virus that infects the throat specifically
CC: cold symptoms and sore throat
- nasal congestion
- sore throat
- cough
- headache
- usually no fever
- lasts <10 days
- nasal discharge is normal looking
- no tonsillar exudate
- no lymphadenopathy
Thrush
White plaques on the oral mucosa that are friable (destroyable) w/ red bases
- usually accompanies viral infections or bacterial infections
- more common in young or immunosupression patients
- often asymptomatic
Viral pharyngitis herpangina (hand/foot/mouth disease)
Herpes virus that infects the throat specifically (coxsackie virus)
CC: cold symptoms and sore throat similar to viral pharyngitis except:
- there IS a FEVER
- often oral painful lesions (similar to thrush/ulcerations)
- if it is hand/foot disease, will also show lesions on the hands/feet (looks like a sunburn peeling off
Viral pharyngitis caused by HIV
HIV viruses that infects the throat
CC: same symptoms as viral pharyngitis except:
- PRODUCES FEVER
- painful oral ulcers are also present
- lymphadenopathy present
- GI symptoms may also be present
- usually history of high-risk sex or IV drug use (but this isnt diagnositic)
Viral pharyngitis caused by Mononucleosis or Epstein Barr virus (MONO)
EBV viruses infect the throat
CC: produces the following
- produces FEVER
- tonsillar exudate (white splotches is present
- prolonged fatigue
- lymphadenopathy (in posterior auricular and posterior cervical)
- if untreated or long time infected, causes spleen issues (possible rupture of the spleen if playing contact sports)
- NO COLD SYMPTOMS
Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)
Step induced infection of the throat
CC: need 3 out of 4 of the following
- Fever
- White tonsillar exudate (similar to mono)
- lymphadenopathy in the anterior submandibular, anterior cervical and tonsills
- NO COUGH
- NO COLD SYMPTOMS
- note can be self-limiting, problem is it can cause the following if chronic*
- rheumatic fever
- glomerulonephritis
- peritonsillar abscess
- bacteremia