Bactereial URIs Flashcards

1
Q

Professional vs opportunistic infections

A

Professionals:
- infect everyone equally

Opportunistic:
- infect immunocompromised patients or as a secondary infection to healthy people

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2
Q

Most common bacterial pathogens of the upper respiratory tract

A

GAS/GCS

Bordatella pertussis (whooping cough)

Haemophilus influenza (flu B)

Corynebacterium diphtheria (diptheria)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonno)

Chlamydia pneumoniae

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3
Q

Bacterial rhinitis

A

Pretty rare and usually occurs as a secondary infection to a post-acute viral rhinitis (common cold)

Typical pathogens include:

  • GAS (more common and not-self limiting)
  • GCS (usually self-limiting
  • flu B
  • moraxella catarrhalis
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4
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Sore throat that is either viral or bacterial.

Bacterial specific sore throat:

  • swollen uvula
  • gray furry tongue
  • white spots are present

Viral and bacterial both have
- red swollen tongue and tonsils

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5
Q

GAS strep

A

Primarily includes streptococcus pyogenes
- primary pathogen in bacterial strep throat

Can cause middle ear infections

Very painful w/ pus often

Virulence factors:

  • encapsulated
  • disrupts gap junctions
  • M protiens (inhibits complement and IgA and is the cardinal virulence factor)
  • superantigens (if untreated and chronic)
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6
Q

Complications of GAS infections

A

Scarlet fever

  • circum-oral rash
  • epidermis sandpaper rash
  • strawberry tongue
  • super high fever
  • cervical lymphadenopathy

Rheumatic heart disease
- antibodies to the M protein in GAS are self-reactive to cardiac tissue

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)
- devolpment 1-5 wks after acute pharyngitis (GAS strep)
- deposition of immune complexes in kidneys
- hemouria and proteinuria
- hypertension
- cant pee
- oliguria
- edema
Usually self-limiting w/ proper palatine care

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7
Q

Bordatella pertussis

A

Encapsulated gram- (-) coccobacilli
- works to stasis cillia in respiratory epithelium

Tests:

  • Oxidase and catalase (+)
  • nitrate (-)
  • citrate (-)
  • urea (-)
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8
Q

2 stages of whooping cough

A

Catarrhal stage

  • 2 weeks long
  • asymptomatic but infectious

Paroxysmal stage

  • 2-10 weeks long
  • whoop on inhalation
  • vomiting/cyanosis/convulsions
  • very dangerous to kids
  • treatment at this stage is not very effective
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9
Q

Epiglottis

A

Dangerous since it closes the airway
- must be intubated

Caused by flu B
- vaccine is present and easy to cure as long as you catch it

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10
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria

A

Clubbed, gram (+) coryneform bacteria (look like barbells)

Secrete diphtheria toxin

  • blocks elongation factor again
  • causes necrotizing epithelium

Generates a grayish pseudo membrane in infections that is visible upon inspection

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