Bactereial URIs Flashcards
Professional vs opportunistic infections
Professionals:
- infect everyone equally
Opportunistic:
- infect immunocompromised patients or as a secondary infection to healthy people
Most common bacterial pathogens of the upper respiratory tract
GAS/GCS
Bordatella pertussis (whooping cough)
Haemophilus influenza (flu B)
Corynebacterium diphtheria (diptheria)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonno)
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Bacterial rhinitis
Pretty rare and usually occurs as a secondary infection to a post-acute viral rhinitis (common cold)
Typical pathogens include:
- GAS (more common and not-self limiting)
- GCS (usually self-limiting
- flu B
- moraxella catarrhalis
Pharyngitis
Sore throat that is either viral or bacterial.
Bacterial specific sore throat:
- swollen uvula
- gray furry tongue
- white spots are present
Viral and bacterial both have
- red swollen tongue and tonsils
GAS strep
Primarily includes streptococcus pyogenes
- primary pathogen in bacterial strep throat
Can cause middle ear infections
Very painful w/ pus often
Virulence factors:
- encapsulated
- disrupts gap junctions
- M protiens (inhibits complement and IgA and is the cardinal virulence factor)
- superantigens (if untreated and chronic)
Complications of GAS infections
Scarlet fever
- circum-oral rash
- epidermis sandpaper rash
- strawberry tongue
- super high fever
- cervical lymphadenopathy
Rheumatic heart disease
- antibodies to the M protein in GAS are self-reactive to cardiac tissue
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)
- devolpment 1-5 wks after acute pharyngitis (GAS strep)
- deposition of immune complexes in kidneys
- hemouria and proteinuria
- hypertension
- cant pee
- oliguria
- edema
Usually self-limiting w/ proper palatine care
Bordatella pertussis
Encapsulated gram- (-) coccobacilli
- works to stasis cillia in respiratory epithelium
Tests:
- Oxidase and catalase (+)
- nitrate (-)
- citrate (-)
- urea (-)
2 stages of whooping cough
Catarrhal stage
- 2 weeks long
- asymptomatic but infectious
Paroxysmal stage
- 2-10 weeks long
- whoop on inhalation
- vomiting/cyanosis/convulsions
- very dangerous to kids
- treatment at this stage is not very effective
Epiglottis
Dangerous since it closes the airway
- must be intubated
Caused by flu B
- vaccine is present and easy to cure as long as you catch it
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Clubbed, gram (+) coryneform bacteria (look like barbells)
Secrete diphtheria toxin
- blocks elongation factor again
- causes necrotizing epithelium
Generates a grayish pseudo membrane in infections that is visible upon inspection