Acid-Base Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Definitions of acids and bases

A

Acids:

  • substances that donate H+ ions
  • pH < 7 = acidic
  • saliva is slightly acidic
  • too much acidic =. Acidosis

Bases:

  • substances that accept H+ ions
  • pH > 7 = basic
  • blood is slightly basic
  • too much basic = alkalosis
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2
Q

Buffer definition

A

Solutions that minimize changes in pH since the solution can reversibly donate or accept H+ ions
- prime example is bicarbonate

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3
Q

Ph equation

A

Log (1/H+) = -log(H+)

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4
Q

Two types of acids within the body

A

Volatile acid

  • produced in the form of CO2 in from cellular metabolism
  • reacts w/ water to produce carbonic acid
  • easily able to get out via ventilation and vaporization

Nonvolatile acid

  • sulfuric acid and phosphoric acids produced via protein/phospholipid catabolism
  • does not react with water
  • difficult to get out (must go through kidneys or liver, and do not vaporize
  • this is the type of acid that is buffered by bicarbonate ions*
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5
Q

Ways CO2 is transported

A

RBC transport (90%)

  • dissolved
  • bound to hemoglobin
  • bicarbonate ions

Plasma transport (10%)

  • dissolved
  • bicarbonate ions

Bicarbonate ion transferring is the most common way CO2 moves through the blood(70%)

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6
Q

Factors that shirt hemoglobin binding curve to the left and right

A

Left shift

  • decrease temp
  • decrease partial pressure of CO2
  • increased pH
  • decrease 2,3 DPG

Right shift

  • increase temp
  • increase partial pressure of CO2
  • decrease pH (Bohr effect)
  • increase 2,3 DPG
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7
Q

Haldane effect

A

Oxygen binding affinity to hemoglobin directly impacts CO2’s binding affinity to hemoglobin inversely proportionally

Less O2 bound = CO2 affinity for hemoglobin increases

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8
Q

Intracellular vs extracellular buffers

A

Intracellular:

  • proteins
  • organic phosphates

Extracellular:

  • bicarbonate
  • phosphate groups
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9
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Main extracellular buffer in the body

Acidic form = H2CO3 or CO2

Basic form = HCO3-

under normal controls, the basic form predominates over the acidic form (98:2)

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10
Q

Alveolar ventilations effect on pH

A

Normal rates = no change

Increased rates = makes pH more basic

Decrease rates = makes pH lore acidic

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11
Q

Definitions of the following

  • acidemia
  • alkalemia
  • acidosis
  • alkalosis
A

Alkalemia:

  • pH in blood is above 7.4 pH
  • decreases in H+ ions in the blood

Acidemia:

  • pH in blood is less than 7.4 pH
  • increases in H+ ions in the blood

Acidosis:
- the processes that lead to the accumulation of hydrogen ions and acidemia

Alkalosis:
- the processes that lead to accumulation of hydrogen ions and alkalemia

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12
Q

The blood buffer line

A

A line in the Davenport diagram that indicates the relationship between the pH and HCO3- concentrations

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13
Q

Respiratory acidosis effect on pH and HCO3-

A

Increases concentration of CO2 in blood which causes a decrease in pH
- fixed by bicarbonate excretion from the kidneys

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14
Q

Metabolic acidosis effects

A

Increases H+ ions and lowers blood pH

- fixed via ventilation increase and reducing CO2 concentrations

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