Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol 215 lecture > Overview > Flashcards

Overview Flashcards

1
Q

How did the study quantify ocean heat uptake

A

used measurements of atmospheric O2 and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many joules of heat did the ocean gain per year between 1991 and 2016

A

1.33 x 10^22 joules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the planets energy imbalance per square meter of Earth’s surface

A

0.83 watts/m2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what degrees will Earth rise by 2100

A

3 deg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are salmon travelling to Alaska’s lakes to spawn carrying

A 
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 
- industrial pollutants (can be 7x higher)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what would salmon carrying PCB’s harm

A

top carnivores: bears, eagles, humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what insects have few scientists tracked

A
  • moths, beetles, hover flies etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what birds to neonicotinoids affect the most

A

birds that migrate short distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the breakdown of primary plastics in the environment result in

A

microplastics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are micropastics found

A

all oceans, many freshwater systems, accumulating in sediment, on shorelines, suspended in surface waters, and being ingested by plankton, fish, birds, and marine mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what % of bird and mammal abundances decline

A

bird: 58%
mammal: 83%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the most illegally trafficked animal in the world

A

pangolins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is illegal trade in wildlife and natural resources valued annually

A

$213 billion annually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is illegal trade in wildlife worth annually

A

$20 billion annually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what % of deforestation is illegal timber trade responsible for in major tropical countries

A

90% of deforestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what (from most to least) is the most responsible for the threatening of species (5)

A
  1. habitat loss
  2. exotic species
  3. pollution
  4. exploitation
  5. disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ecological options for the future (4)

A
  1. possible fixes for global warming (7)
  2. reduction in human population numbers
  3. large expansion of terrestrial and marine protected areas
  4. ecological role-models, educators, leadership
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the projected earth population in 2100:

a) at 2011 growth rate
b) 2 child families
c) 1 child families

A

a) 18.5 billion
b) 8.7 billlion
c) 1.4 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what was the births/women in child in 1968, in 1978 (beginning of one child policy) and in 2015 (after one child policy)

A

1968: 5.9 births/women
1978: 3 births/women
2015: 1.7 births/women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where are there incentives for women to have large families

A

france, estonia, and russia and India

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did henry dave thoreau do

A

poet about saving trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

rachel carson

A

silent spring

DDT killing insects and birds

23
Q

linkage density food web

A

average number of links per species

- total links divided by total number of species

24
Q

connectance

A

actual number of links (L) divided by the total number of possible links (N) (L/N)
N = n(n-1)/2

25
Q

how many salmon can a bear transfer into the forest over a 6 week spawning period

A

700 salmon over 6 weeks

26
Q

what is the average transfer of salmon carcasses per km/year along spawning reaches of rivers

A

1000 carcasses per km per year

27
Q

how many kg of carcass remnants left in BC forests by bears

A

2.4 million kg

28
Q

what % of the nitrogen in riparian vegetation come from salmon

A

80%

29
Q

what are the global trends in species abundance (3)

A

a) taxonomy and body size
b) aquatic vs terrestrial
c) geographical correlates of species richness (lat, depth and alt)

30
Q

what are the explanations for trends in global species richness (6)

A
  1. primary productivity
  2. competition
  3. climate variability
  4. spatial heterogeneity
  5. environmental age
  6. geological time
31
Q

equator of ocean vs up north/south. productivity and species richness. Marine.

A

equator: high species richness low productivity

up n/s: low species richness, high productivity

32
Q

what temp is optimal for species richness in ocean

A

4 deg celcius

33
Q

hadley cell, ferrel cell, polar cell

A

hadley cell: near equator, hot moist air rises. forms cumulus clouds, cools and causes rain at equator

ferrel cell: subsidence zones. Cold dry air sinks

polar cell: cold dry air falls

34
Q

how many gigatons of carbon in biosphere

A

550 gigatons

35
Q

how many gigatons of carbon in plants

A

450 gigatons

36
Q

how many gigatons of carbon in bacteria

A

70 gigatons

37
Q

how many gigatons of carbon in animal

A

2 gigatons

38
Q

how many gigatons of carbon in marine biota

A

6 gigatons

39
Q

how many gigatons in archaea

A

7 gigatons

40
Q

spatial heterogenetiy theory

A

few plant species, lead to few herbivore species, lead to few predator species (vice versa)

41
Q

what is the storage effect

A

ecological mechanism that reduces the potential for competitive exclusion more strongly in the tropics

42
Q

how much does the storage effect reduce the ratio of interspecific-to-intraspecific competition by for each degree of latitude closer to the equator

A

reduces interspecific-to-intraspecific competition by 0.25% for each degree of lat closer to the equator
- because of the longer growing seasons: lower recruitment synchrony between species and enhancing niche partitoning

43
Q

essential features of equilibrium theory (3)

A
  1. number of species moves toward an equilibrium of extinction and colonization as a function of island area and distance
  2. at equilibrium, actual species composition is in continuous state of change as some species go extinct and new species colonize: high turnover rate
  3. can predict number of species but not composition of species
44
Q

speciation occurs with: tripartite theory

A
  • decreased extinction
  • increased isolation
  • decreased immigration
  • increased area??
45
Q

biggest cause of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

A

cattle ranching

65-70%

46
Q

what % of the abundances of species are affected by forest edges (positive or neg)

A

85%

47
Q

where did species that live in the centre of the forest reach peak abundances from forest edges

A

200-400m from the forest edge

48
Q

what kind of animals experienced a larger reduction in suitable habitat than other forest-core species

A

smaller-bodied amphibians, larger reptiles, medium-sized non volant mammals

49
Q

What greenhouse gases were derived from air bubbles trapped in ice in antarctica

A

CO2, methane, nitrous oxide

  • naturally falls and rises every ~ 100,000 years
  • now peak rise that isn’t natural
50
Q

how many CO2 molecules in –> methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbon

A

methane: 32 CO2
nitrous oxide: 150 CO2
CFC: > 10,000

51
Q

radiative absorption per ppm increase atmospheric [] (CO2, methane, N20, CFC)

A

CO2: 406 ppmv (part per million by volume)

methane: 1880 ppbv (part per billion by volume)

nitrous oxide: 330 ppbv

CFC’s: ~ 0.38 ppbv

52
Q

what % is does black carbon contribute to GW

A

20%

53
Q

what % does water vapour contribute to global warming?

A

60%

Biol 215 lecture (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions