Overall Chemistry Flashcards
What are 3 ways to separate MIXTURES?
Filtration, distillation and crystallisation
What is filtration?
Separates substances that are SOLUBLE in a solvent from substances that are INSOLUBLE in a solvent, eg. Separating salt and sand using funnel, filter paper, etc
What is crystallisation?
Separates a soluble solid from a solvent, eg. Salt from a salt solution by using a Bunsen burner to evaporate liquid and leave crystal salt behind, etc
What is distillation?
Separates a solvent from soluble solids dissolved in the solvent. Eg, seawater is distilled to obtain usable water through using Bunsen burner to evaporate solvent, then gas condensates to form water without the soluble solid, etc
What is fractional distillation?
A way to separate two miscible liquids, such as ethanol and water.
The liquids have different boiling points, so when heated, the liquid with the lowest boiling point is collected first.
To aid separation, one can add a fractionating column to the apparatus, which helps by allowing the mixed vapours to cool and condense.
What is chromatography?
A way of separating substances from mixtures in a solution, which works by some compounds being more soluble than others in the solvent.
Paper chromatography is a way of separating good colourings.
