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Chemistry > Chemical Calculations > Flashcards

Chemical Calculations Flashcards

1
Q

What are Ionic Compounds?

A

Ionic Compounds are formed from metal and non-metal ions.

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2
Q

How are Ionic Compounds formed?

A

Ionic compounds are formed when a metal ion and a non-metal ion ionically bond, where the metal loses its electron and the non-metal gains this electron. Because of the loss and gain of electrons, the metal ion is now a positively charged ion, and the non-metal is negatively charged, and these opposite charges are strongly attracted to each other, (ELECTROSTATIC FORCES), forming Ionic Bonds.

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3
Q

Why do atoms bond?

A

Atoms bond to form a FULL OUTER SHELL

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4
Q

Which ion has a positive charge?

A

METAL, because it LOSES an ELECTRON

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5
Q

Which ion has a negative charge?

A

NON-METAL, because it GAINS an ELECTRON

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6
Q

What is the overall charge of the Ions in ionic bonding?

A

The overall charge is NEUTRAL, because the positives and negative charges cancel each other out

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7
Q

What is the charge of atoms BEFORE IONIC bonding?

A

All atoms are NEUTRAL before IONIC BONDING

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8
Q

What charge of Ions do group 1 and group 2 atoms give?

A

+1 and +2 charges respectively, because they are METALS and LOSE their electrons

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9
Q

What does the roman numeral next to a transition metal stand for?

A

It stands for the CHARGE of the metal, eg. Iron (III) = Fe^3+

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10
Q

In what order does one name an ionic compound?

A

Metal, Non-metal

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11
Q

Note of ionic bonding suffixes…

A

The suffix - IDE is used at the end of a non-metal in ionic bonding. HOWEVER, if there is OXYGEN present, the suffix turns into - ATE.

eg. Sodium Chloride - NaCl

eg 2. Potassium Sulphate- K2SO4

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12
Q

What does the formula of an ionic compound tell you?

A

It tells you the RATIO of the ions in the COMPOUND

eg. NaCl 1:1

Because Na+ and Cl- only need 1 of each to balance the charges

eg 2. MgCl2 1:2

Because Mg2+ and Cl- requires 2 Cl to balance out the 2+ charge of Mg

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13
Q

What is a subscript?

A

A subscript is a number used to represent more that one of the ion in the compound

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14
Q

What charge will an ion in group 5 have?

A

-3, because it gains the electron

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15
Q

Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of MAGNESIUM and CHLORINE?

A

Magnesium Chloride - MgCl2

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16
Q

Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of COPPER (II) and OXYGEN?

A

Copper Oxide - CuO

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17
Q

Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of IRON (II) and BROMINE?

A

Iron Bromide - FeBr2

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18
Q

Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of LITHIUM and SULPHUR?

A

Lithium Sulphide - Li2S

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19
Q

Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of SILVER (I) and OXYGEN?

A

Silver Oxide - Ag2O

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20
Q

Practice - What is the chemical name and formula of IRON (III) and OXYGEN?

A

Iron Oxide - Fe2O3

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21
Q

What is a complex ion?

A

An ion made up of many bonded atoms, which are in set amounts. eg. CO3^2-

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22
Q

What is the formula of Lithium Carbonate?

A

Li2Co3 (Li+ added to CO3^2-)

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23
Q

What is the formula of Calcium Hydroxide?

A

Ca2+ added to OH- = Ca(OH)2

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24
Q

What happens when complex ions have a positive charge? eg. NH4+ (Ammonia)

A

It replaces the metal - eg. Ammonium Bromide (NH4BR)

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25
Q

WHAT ARE THE SIX COMPLEX IONS YOU NEED TO KNOW!?

A

CARBONATE ION - CO3^2-

HYDROXIDE ION - OH-

SULPHATE ION - SO4^2-

NITRATE ION - NO3-

PHOSPHATE ION - PO4^3-

AMMONIUM ION - NH4+

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26
Q

What is the formula of Magnesium Hydroxide?

A

Mg(OH)2

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27
Q

What is the formula of Copper (II) Sulphate?

A

CuSO4

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28
Q

What is the formula of Lithium Phosphate?

A

Li3PO4

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29
Q

What is the formula of Sodium Carbonate?

30
Q

What is the formula of Silver (I) Nitrate?

31
Q

What is the formula of Iron (III) Sulphate?

32
Q

What do Equations contain on either side of the equation?

A

Equations show the REACTANTS and the PRODUCTS

33
Q

What is the product of Metal + Oxygen?

A

Metal Oxide

34
Q

Magnesium + Oxygen =

Lithium + Oxygen =

A

Magnesium Oxide (MgO)

Lithium Oxide (Li2O)

35
Q

What is the product of Metal + Water?

A

Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

36
Q

Sodium + Water =

Calcium + Water =

A

Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen (NaOH + H2)

Calcium Hydroxide + Hydrogen (Ca(OH)2 + H2)

37
Q

What is the product of Metal + Halogen?

A

Metal halide

38
Q

Sodium + Chlorine =

Potassium + Iodine =

A

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Potassium Iodide (KI)

39
Q

What is the product of Metal + Acid?

A

Salt + Hydrogen

40
Q

Sodium + Hydrochloric Acid =

A

Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen (NaCl + H2)

41
Q

Potassium + Sulphuric Acid =

A

Potassium Sulphate + Hydrogen (K2SO4 + H2)

42
Q

Iron (III) + Nitric Acid =

A

Iron Nitrate + Hydogen (Fe(NO3)3 + H2)

43
Q

Calcium + Phosphoric Acid =

A

Calcium Phosphate + Hydrogen (Ca3(PO4)2 + H2)

44
Q

What is the product of Metal Oxide + Water?

A

Salt + Water

45
Q

Calcium Oxide + Sulphuric Acid =

Iron Oxide + Nitric Acid =

Copper Oxide + Hydrochloric Acid =

A

Calcium Sulphate + Water (CaSO4 + H2O)

Iron Nitrate (Fe2O3 + H2O)

Copper Chloride (CuCl2 + H2O)

46
Q

What is the product of Metal Hydroxide + Acid?

A

Salt + Water

47
Q

Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrochloric Acid =

Potassium Hydroxide + Nitric Acid =

Calcium Hydroxide + Phosphoric Acid =

A

Sodium Chloride + WATER (NaCl + H2O)

Potassium Nitrate + WATER (KNO3 + H2O)

Calcium Phosphate + WATER (Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O)

48
Q

What is the product of Metal Carbonate + Acid?

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

49
Q

Calcium Carbonate + Sulphuric Acid =

Zinc Carbonate + Phosphoric Acid =

A

CaSO4 + H2O + CO2

Zn3(PO4)2 + H20 + CO2

50
Q

Write the balanced equation of when Calcium Carbonate reacts with Sulphuric Acid.

A

Calcium Carbonate + Sulphuric Acid = Calcium Sulphate + Carbon Dioxide + Water

CaCO3 + H2SO4 = CaSO4 + H2O + CO2

51
Q

Quickfire - (Word Equations)

Magnesium + Water =

Copper Hydroxide + Sulphuric Acid =

Iron Oxide + Nitric Acid =

Zinc + Phosphoric Acid =

A

Magnesium Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Copper Sulphate + Hydrogen

Iron Nitrate + Hydrogen

Zinc Phosphate + Hydrogen

52
Q

What is the symbol equation for when Sodium and Nitric Acid react together?

A

Sodium + Nitric Acid = Sodium Nitrate + Hydrogen

Na + HNO3 = NaNO3 + H2

53
Q

What do Acids contain?

A

Hydrogen and a non-metal/Complex Ion

54
Q

What ion is formed from Hydrochloric Acid?

55
Q

What ion is formed from Nitric Acid?

56
Q

What ion is formed from Sulphuric Acid?

57
Q

What ion is formed form Phosphoric Acid?

58
Q

Which group contains atoms which go around in pairs? What is this called?

A

Halides go around in pairs, called DIATOMIC MOLECULES.

59
Q

What are state symbols?

A

They tell you the state of matter of each reactant and product

60
Q

What are examples of the state symbols?

A

(S) Solid

(G) Gas

(L) Liquid - used for PURE substances in a MELTED form

(aq) Aqueous - DISSOLVED IN WATER (it is a solution)

61
Q

What is important when balancing chemical equations?

A

The total number of atoms must be the same on both sides of the reaction

62
Q

Balance Magnesium + Oxygen

A

Magnesium + Water

Mg + O2 = MgO

2Mg + O2 = 2MgO

63
Q

Balance Methane + Oxygen in COMPLETE COMBUSTION

A

CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

64
Q

When balancing a chemical equation what order does it follow?

A

Metals, Complex Ions, Hydrogen, Oxygen

65
Q

What is the relative formula mass of a compound?

A

The SUM of the RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula

66
Q

What is the relative atomic mass?

A

The average mass of its atoms

67
Q

What is the relative formula mass of Magnesium Fluoride?

Mg = 24) (F = 19

68
Q

What is the mole of something always equal to?

A

6.022 x 10^3 of that something

69
Q

What is the avocado constant equal to?

A

The number of atoms in 12g of a carbon-12

70
Q

What is the unit of a mole?

71
Q

What is the equation for moles?

A

Number of Moles = Mass in grams/ relative molecular mass

Chemistry (28 decks)

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