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Chemistry > Bonds, Structure & Properties of Matter > Flashcards

Bonds, Structure & Properties of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

3 types of bonding

A

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

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2
Q

Ionic Bonding

A
  • Non-metal + Metal

- Electrostatic forces attract the oppositely charged ions

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3
Q

Covalent Bonding

A
  • Non-metal + Non-metal
  • Atoms share pairs of electrons
  • Strong bonds
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4
Q

Metallic Bonding

A
  • Metal + Metal

- Positive metal ions + delocalised electrons produce electrostatic force

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5
Q

Ionic Compounds

A
  • Giant structure
  • Held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
  • Eg. Sodium Chloride
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6
Q

Limitations of Dot and cross diagrams, 3D models for representing IONIC COMPOUNDS

A
  • Does not show how the ions are arranged in space
  • Only 2D
  • Not to scale
  • No information about forces of attraction of ions
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7
Q

Giant covalent structure examples

A
  • Diamond

- Silicon Dioxide

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8
Q

3 states of amtter

A

Solid, Liquids and Gases

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9
Q

What takes place at melting point?

A

Melting and freezing

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10
Q

What takes place at boiling

A

Boiling and condensing

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11
Q

What determines the amount of energy required to change a substances state?

A

The strength of the forces between the particles of the substance

Type of bonding and structure of substance

The stronger the forces, the higher he melting point

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12
Q

What are the limitations of the simple particle model of matter?

A
  • There are no forces between particles
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13
Q

Properties of ionic compounds

A
  • High melting and boiling points (large forces of attraction between particles)
  • When melted or dissolved in water, they can conduct electricity because ions are free to move so charge can flow
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14
Q

Properties of small molecules

A
  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Weak forces of attraction, (INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OVERCOME and NOT COVALENT BONDS)
  • Cannot conduct electricity, because small molecules have no charge
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15
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Made of chains of monomers

Atoms in polymer molecules are linked to other atoms by strong covalent bonds

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16
Q

Giant covalent structures

A
  • Solids with very high melting points
  • All linked by strong covalent bonds
  • ## These bonds must be overcome to boil the substance
17
Q

Properties of metals and alloys

A
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Arranged in layers, so malleable
  • Alloys are less malleable and harder
18
Q

Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

A

Delocalised electrons in metal carry charge through metal.

Also good conductor of thermal energy because delocalised electrons transfer energy

19
Q

Diamond

A
  • 4 covalent bonds with each CARBON atom
  • Giant covalent structure
  • So is very hard
  • High melting point
  • Does NOT conduct electricity
20
Q

Graphite

A
  • Each CARBON atom forms 3 covalent bonds with 3 other carbon atoms
  • Forms layers of hexagonal rings with no covalent bonds between layers
  • High thermal and electrical conductivity, one delocalised electron per carbon atom
  • High melting and boiling point
21
Q

Graphene

A

Single layer of graphite and has properties making it useful in :

  • Electronics
  • Composites
22
Q

What are fullerenes

A
  • Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes

- hexagonal rings of carbon atoms

23
Q

Uses of fullerenes

A

Eg. Carbon nanotubes

  • Nanotechnology
  • Electronics
  • Materials
24
Q

What happens to the surface area and volume ratio when the side of a cube decreases by a factor of 10?

A

Surface area to volume ratio increases by a factor of 10

25
Q

Nanoparticle uses

A
  • Medicine
  • Electronics
  • Cosmetics
26
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of nanoparticles

A

Advantages :

  • Faster technology
  • Life saving medicine treatment
  • More efficient power sources

Disadvantages :

  • Possible threats to health
  • Possible threats to environment
  • Possible threat to security, privacy

Chemistry (28 decks)

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