Other systems: Oncology Flashcards
General Signs and symptoms of cancer
C - Change in bowel/bladder routine
A - A sore that will not heal
U - Unsual bleeding/discharge
T - Thickening/lump develops
I - Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O - Obvious change in wart/mole
N - Nagging cough/hoarsness
Unexplained weigt loss, fatigue, anorexia, anemia, pain, and/or weakness are the other general symptoms
Primary prevention
Eliminate modifiable risk factors
Use of natural agents
Vaccine
Secondary prevention
Early detection, selective pharm agents, multifactorial risk reduction
Tertiary Prevention
Prevent disability that can occur secondary to cancer and treatment
Manage symptoms
Limit complications
epithelium
Skin
Lines internal cavities
Mucous membrane
Lining of bladder
(protect/absorb, secrete_
Carcinoma/adencocarcinoma
Skin
Lines internal cavities
Mucous membrane
Lining of bladder
(protect/absorb, secrete_
Pigmented cells
Moles
Malignant melanoma
Moles
Connective tissues
Striated muscles
Blood vessels
Bone
Cartilage
Fat
Smooth muscle
Sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, lipo, chondro, osteo. hemangiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
Striated muscles
Blood vessels
Bone
Cartilage
Fat
Smooth muscle
Lymphoid tissues
Wherever lymph tissue is present throughout the body
Lymph nodes
Spleen
can be in stomach, intestines, skin, CNS, bone, tonsils
Lymphoma
Wherever lymph tissue is present throughout the body
Lymph nodes
Spleen
can be in stomach, intestines, skin, CNS, bone, tonsils
Hematopoietic Tissues
Bone marrow
Plasma Cells
Leukemia, myodysplagia, myeloproliferative syndromes, MS
Bone marrow, plasma cells
TNM system
Most common for tumor stage
Primary tumor (T), lymph node involvement (N), presence of mets (M)
Stage 0
Early malignacy, only in first layer it began
Carcinoma for most cancers
Stage 1
Malignancy limited to tissue of origin with no lymph node involvement or metastasis
Stage II
malignancy spread to adjacent tissues; lymph nodes may show signs of micromets
Stage III
Malignancy spread to adjacent tissues showing signs of fixation to deeper structures, lymph involvement is high
Stave IV
Mets beyond the primary site
Chemotherapy
Most useful for wide spread and met malignancies, used to induce remission, cure, eradicate residual malignant cells
Common side effects: nausea/ vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, sexual dysfunction, hair loss, pain, and decrease in platelet red white and blood cell counts
Bio therapy (immunotherapy)
Agents or techniques used to change the relationship between malignancy and its host. Biologic response modifiers commonly used for biotherapy and act to strengthen response
Treatment types: Interluekin 2, bone marry transplant, hormonal therapy, stem cell transplant, monoclonal antibodies, hormonal therapy, colon stimulating factors
Side effects: fever, chills, nausea, Vomiting , anorexia, CNS, inflammatory reactions, leukopenia, fatigue
Antiangiogenic Therapy
Use of thalidomide and its suppression of blood supply formation. Used for multiple myeloma
Blocks growth as means of inhibiting growth of primary ,malignant masses
