Other systems: Oncology

Question 1

General Signs and symptoms of cancer

Answer 1

C - Change in bowel/bladder routine

A - A sore that will not heal

U - Unsual bleeding/discharge

T - Thickening/lump develops

I - Indigestion or difficulty swallowing

O - Obvious change in wart/mole

N - Nagging cough/hoarsness

Unexplained weigt loss, fatigue, anorexia, anemia, pain, and/or weakness are the other general symptoms

Question 2

Primary prevention

Answer 2

Eliminate modifiable risk factors

Use of natural agents

Vaccine

Question 3

Secondary prevention

Answer 3

Early detection, selective pharm agents, multifactorial risk reduction

Question 4

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 4

Prevent disability that can occur secondary to cancer and treatment

Manage symptoms

Limit complications

Question 5

epithelium

Answer 5

Skin

Lines internal cavities

Mucous membrane

Lining of bladder

(protect/absorb, secrete_

Question 6

Carcinoma/adencocarcinoma

Answer 6

Skin

Lines internal cavities

Mucous membrane

Lining of bladder

(protect/absorb, secrete_

Question 7

Pigmented cells

Answer 7

Moles

Question 8

Malignant melanoma

Answer 8

Moles

Question 9

Connective tissues

Answer 9

Striated muscles

Blood vessels

Bone

Cartilage

Fat

Smooth muscle

Question 10

Sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, lipo, chondro, osteo. hemangiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 10

Striated muscles

Blood vessels

Bone

Cartilage

Fat

Smooth muscle

Question 11

Lymphoid tissues

Answer 11

Wherever lymph tissue is present throughout the body

Lymph nodes

Spleen

can be in stomach, intestines, skin, CNS, bone, tonsils

Question 12

Lymphoma

Answer 12

Wherever lymph tissue is present throughout the body

Lymph nodes

Spleen

can be in stomach, intestines, skin, CNS, bone, tonsils

Question 13

Hematopoietic Tissues

Answer 13

Bone marrow

Plasma Cells

Question 14

Leukemia, myodysplagia, myeloproliferative syndromes, MS

Answer 14

Bone marrow, plasma cells

Question 15

TNM system

Answer 15

Most common for tumor stage

Primary tumor (T), lymph node involvement (N), presence of mets (M)

Question 16

Stage 0

Answer 16

Early malignacy, only in first layer it began

Carcinoma for most cancers

Question 17

Stage 1

Answer 17

Malignancy limited to tissue of origin with no lymph node involvement or metastasis

Question 18

Stage II

Answer 18

malignancy spread to adjacent tissues; lymph nodes may show signs of micromets

Question 19

Stage III

Answer 19

Malignancy spread to adjacent tissues showing signs of fixation to deeper structures, lymph involvement is high

Question 20

Stave IV

Answer 20

Mets beyond the primary site

Question 21

Chemotherapy

Answer 21

Most useful for wide spread and met malignancies, used to induce remission, cure, eradicate residual malignant cells

Common side effects: nausea/ vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, sexual dysfunction, hair loss, pain, and decrease in platelet red white and blood cell counts

Question 22

Bio therapy (immunotherapy)

Answer 22

Agents or techniques used to change the relationship between malignancy and its host. Biologic response modifiers commonly used for biotherapy and act to strengthen response

Treatment types: Interluekin 2, bone marry transplant, hormonal therapy, stem cell transplant, monoclonal antibodies, hormonal therapy, colon stimulating factors

Side effects: fever, chills, nausea, Vomiting , anorexia, CNS, inflammatory reactions, leukopenia, fatigue

Question 23

Antiangiogenic Therapy

Answer 23

Use of thalidomide and its suppression of blood supply formation. Used for multiple myeloma

Blocks growth as means of inhibiting growth of primary ,malignant masses