Other systems - GI pathology Flashcards
Appendicitis
Inflammation from infection and obstruction of lumen. Increased pressure from bacteria leading to ischemia
Clinical presentation: umbilical or gastric pain migrates to R quadrant, trying not to move while laying down. Symptoms < 48 hours
Abdominal rebound tenderness, pain with percussion, guarding and rigidity
Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis
Gallstones - cystic duct (hypomobility of the gallbladder. Supersaturation of the bile with cholesterol or crystal formation from bilirubin salts.
R upper quadrant pain, muscle guarding, rebound tenderness, jaundice, N/V, anorexia
Treatment: low fat diet, remove gall bladder. acute can resolve in a week
Liver Cirrhosis
scar tissue in the liver
Alcoholism or hep c. Alc blocks norma metabolism of pritne, fats, and carbohydrates.
Symptoms: decreased appetite, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, portal vein htn.
Constipation
MS
Spinal cord tumors
IBS
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Endocrine disorder
Diverticulitis
Inactivity
Bowel Obstruction
Pregnancy
CVA
Certain medications
Diarrhea
IBS
Hyperthyroidism
Electrolyte disorder
Incomplete obstruction of the bowel
Diverticulitis
Certain medication
Caffeine
Diet
Malabsorption
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Diverticulitis
Pouch like protrusions in the colon
Bloating, mild cramping, both diarrhea, constipation
Abdominal pain, tenderness over L side of lower abdomen, cramping, constipation
Nasogastric tube in severe cases
Crohn’s Disease
inflammatory bowel and GI tract
Clinical presentation: gradual cramping, diarrhea, more severe needs fistula
Erosive Gastritis
Acute gastritis, bleeding of gastric mucosa secondary to stress, NSAIDS, Alcohol utilization, viral infection
Signs: Dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and hematemesis (may be asymptomatic)
Removal of stimulus
Gastritis
Inflammation of gastric mucosa or inner layer of stomach. Higher intensity than GERD
Non -erosive Gastric
From helicobacter pylori infection
Carcinogen and must be treated aggressively - antibiotics
GERD
Lower esophageal sphincter allows reflux of gastric contents. Can cause tissue injury over time as well as other pathology.
Clinical symptoms include heart burn, regurgitation of gastric contents, belching, chest pain, can cause aspiration pneumonia, asthma, Barretts esophagus
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Disruption or erosion in the GI mucusa. Ulcer cause by H Pylori infection from CHRONIC NSAID USE- Risk factors: stress, alc, certain medications, foods, smoking
Signs: Epigastric pain, burning, or heart burn, bleeding, hemorrhage, flushing
Monitor fatigue level, pallor, exercise tolerance. Recognize HR or BP decrease (signs of bleeding)
Pain from mid thoracic area to R Upper quadrant and shoulder may signify blood and acid within peritoneal cavity secondary to perforated bleeding ulcer.
Malabsorption syndrome
reduced intestinal absorption/inadequate nutrition
Celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic carcinoma, pernicios anemia, AIDS, crohn’s disease,, addison’s disease.
Weight loss, chronic diarrhea, anemia
IBS
Sensitivity to certain foods, possible immune system, stress,
Symptoms: distension, bloating, N/V, anorexia, changes in stool, passing of mucus.
Avoid wheat, rye, milk, barely, alcohol
Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcers in GI exaggerated response to bacterium or virus. Affects mostly sigmoid colon and recturm.
Signs: Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, fever,
Endoscopy for diagnosis
