Other Reading Rules

Question 2

อ็ + เ or แ (เอ็ and แอ็)

Answer 2

Vowel shortenerChanges vowels from long vowels to short vowels

Question 3

A word with 2 consonants and no vowel

Answer 3

Add a short ‘o’ (vowel tone rules apply)

Question 4

silent ห at the beginning of a word

Answer 4

Converts the following consonant into a High class consonant so high class consonant tone rules applyException being ไหม mái

Question 5

Silent อ at the beginning of a word

Answer 5

Only 4 words and all Low toneอยู่ yùu to be situated atอย่า yàa do not, prohibitedอย่าง yàang type, kind ofอยาก yàak want to, desire

Question 6

When -ัว (-oo-a) is followed by another consonant

Answer 6

it omits the -ั but keeps the same sounde.gตัวdtoo-aด้วยdôo-ay

Question 7

When เ-ิ is not followed by a consonant

Answer 7

It drops the top part -ิ but adds อ at the end and keeps the same soundเดินdernเจอjer

Question 8

consonant clusters….

Answer 8

The tone is determined by the first consonant of the cluster

Question 9

A two syllable word with 3 consonants and no vowel

Answer 9

Add a short vowel ‘a’ after the first consonant and a short vowel ‘o’ after the second

Question 10

Words with a vowel symbol in the second syllable but not in the first and not a cluster

Answer 10

add a short vowel ‘a’ between consonantse.gตลาด dta-làhtAll first syllables are mid toneAll second syllables are determined by the second consonant unless ง น ม ร ย ล ว in which case it’s determined by the the consonant of the first syllable*บร is an exception. Add ‘or’ between e.g บริการ bor-ri-gahn

Question 11

ทร

Answer 11

is pronounced as ซ ‘soo’

Question 12

สร, ศร, จร

Answer 12

pronounced without the ‘ร’

e.g

สร้าง
sâang

ศรี
sǐi

จริง
jing

Question 13

Word containing 2 consonants and last consonant is ร

Answer 13

ร is pronounced as ‘ɔɔn’

e.g

พร
pɔɔn

นคร
ná-kɔɔn

ละคร
lá~kɔɔn

Question 14

รร at the end of a syllable

Answer 14

is pronounced as ‘an’

e.g

สรร
sǎn

บรรทุก
ban-túk

Question 15

รร in the middle of a syllable

Answer 15

is pronounced as ‘a’

e.g

กรรม
gam

พรรค
pák

Question 16

Some common words spelt with a final shirt vowel ุ or ิ

Answer 16

are not pronounced

e.g

ญาติ
yâat
(relative)

ชาติ
châat
(nationality, race)

ภูมิใจ
puum-jai
(proud, pride)

Question 17

ฤ ฤา ฦ ฦา

not usually recognized as a number of the 44 consonants, but appear among the list of consonants in the dictionary

Answer 17

ฤ *
rʉ́

ฤา
rʉʉ

ฦ
lʉ́

ฦา
lʉʉ

• in some words ฤ is pronounced as “ri”
  e. g

อังกฤษ
ang-grìt
(England)