Other Protest Movements Flashcards
1
Q
Reason for the growth of protest movements
A
- Media coverage of protests inspired more to join them
- Television coverage of issues raised awareness and led to people joining/starting protests
- Civil Rights Movement inspired other groups and generated experience in protest methodology
- Disappointment at the lack of change between pre- and post-war society
- The assassination of JFK created shock for many who hoped for the completion of his policies of change
- Young people began to question their parents’ societal beliefs and values; Increasing acceptance/demand for federal intervention to change societal problems
- “Baby boomers” post-war created many young views
- Music and art promoted societal change and issues
- Economic prosperity of white Protestants highlighted by economic inequality
- Protests across the globe
- The invention of the contraceptive pill and time-saving domestic appliances had women questioning their roles in society
2
Q
Reasons for protesting
A
- Anti-war (Vietnam)
- Racial inequality
- Gender inequality
- Environmental issues
- Protests for their right to protests and speak out about anything they want to on university grounds
- “Peace, love and happiness”
- Against traditional US culture/societal norms
- Better students rights within universities and colleges
3
Q
Features of Students for a Democratic Society
A
- By the end of 1960s 150 colleges/universities had members
- 100000 members
- Many members took part in sit-ins and freedom rides
- Organised sit-ins and rallies to try and give students more say in policies of universities, such as courses offered
- 1966 - membership spike in opposition to Vietnam War
4
Q
Features of Berkeley Free Speech Movement
A
- Up to nearly 14000 (50%) of Berkeley students supported it
- 6000 students supported the rally and sit-in of 2nd Dec 1964
- Jack Weinberg and Mario Savio were leaders
- Jack Weinberg was arrested for organising protests
- Some took part in Mississippi Freedom Summer and/or the SDS
- 2nd Dec 1964 administration building sit-in
- Rallies, leaflets, donations, fundraisers, sit-ins, partitions and demanding to be suspended on mass
5
Q
Features of the Hippies
A
- Quite small
- Not working
- Not going to college
- Woodstock music festival in August 1969 where up to 500000 people attended
- Experimentation with drugs, sex and art
- “Dropping out”
- Using slogans e.g. “Make love, not war”
- Nakedness
- Colourful fashion e.g. flowers
6
Q
SDS impact
A
Served as the base for other student protests
7
Q
FSM impacts
A
Turned people away from the movement - disliked for swearing and “troublemaking” and improved rights to protest on college campuses
8
Q
Impacts of the Hippies
A
- Shocked by rejection
- Blamed Hippies for enforcing their culture
- Helped advance black American civil rights
- Helped advance women’s rights
- Little impact on government policies
- Many young people adopted specific aspects of hippy culture
- Seen as harming the country
- Made differences of race, gender and sexuality more accepted
9
Q
Why did people oppose the Women’s Movement?
A
- Believed strongly in traditional gender roles
- Controversy on abortion
- Some believed ERA would weaken the importance of family
- Some felt that ERA would force women to serve in the military and/or that they’d lose the right to financial support from their husbands
10
Q
How did people oppose the women’s movement?
A
- Protest groups - Happiness of Womanhood
- Speeches
- Stop ERA campaign
- Debates
11
Q
What did the opposition to the women’s movement achieve?
A
Stopped the ratification of ERA
12
Q
Key individuals, events and groups in the opposition to the women’s movement
A
- Phyllis Schlafly
- Stop ERA
- Happiness of Womanhood
13
Q
Impacts of the Women’s Movement
A
- Increased women in work
- Sexual discrimination and harassment made explicitly illegal
- Career for women became more acceptable
- Backlash - Stop ERA and Phyllis Schlafly
- The right to abortion
- Equal Credit Opportunity Act 1974
- Some careers still more closed off
14
Q
What was the Equal Rights Amendment?
A
It would give equal rights to all in the constitution however was passed through Congress though not ratified by the states
15
Q
NOW Bill of Rights
A
- ERA to be ratified by the state
- Sex discrimination in employment, as set out in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is enforced
- Women’s job to be protected after childbirth and maternity leave to be paid
- Tax deduction for home and childcare expenses for working parent
- Childcare facilities to be set up on the same basis as parks, libraries and school
- Discrimination and segregation by sex to be outlawed at all levels of education
- Equal job training opportunities and access to welfare for women and me
- Removal of laws limiting access to contraception and abortion
