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History > Nixon and Watergate > Flashcards

Nixon and Watergate Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was Richard Nixon?

A
  • First elected to Congress in 1947
  • Heavily involved in the Red Scare, pushing for Hiss to be trialled
  • Vice president under Eisenhower
  • Defeated by JFK in the 1960 election
  • Ran in 1968 and won
  • Hugely intelligent, hard working and he rewarded those who were loyal to him, though he was also paranoid, held grudges for a long time, sensitive to criticism and very bitter in defeat
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2
Q

Why was Nixon elected in 1968?

A

The Vietnam War was becoming increasingly unpopular. As a result, Nixon ran promising to get out of the war. This plus other chaos in the Democratic Party amongst other reasons, led to Nixon’s election

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3
Q

Why was CREEP set up?

A
  • The Committee to Re-elect the President (CRP) was created to help get Nixon re-elected in 1972 in part because Nixon feared his broken promises over leaving the Vietnam War would hurt his chances of re-election
  • Only became known as CREEP after the scandal
  • It was meant to raise money for Nixon’s campaign
  • Secretly, it was given money to spy on Nixon’s opponents
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4
Q

Who were the White House Plumbers?

A
  • A group formed to do the “dirty work” of CREEP, such as breaking into offices to find information to discredit Nixon’s opponents
  • Some members were used in the Watergate break in
  • They reported to John Ehrlichman, one of Nixon’s advisors
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5
Q

What happened on the 17th June 1972?

A

5 people were arrested at the Watergate Office Building (Democratic National Committe HQ (Nixon was republican)) for trying to repair bugging devices

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6
Q

When did the Washington Post report links between the burglars and CREEP?

A

19th June 1972

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7
Q

When did the Washington Post report that a cheque given to CREEP was paid to one of the Watergate burglars?

A

1st Aug 1972

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8
Q

When did Nixon announce that John Dean had investigated and found that none of the White House staff were involved?

A

30th Aug 1972

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9
Q

What were the five burglars plus E Howard Hunt and G Gordon Libby (who were found by the FBI to have planned the burglary and been members of both the White House Plumbers and CREEP) charged with?

A

Conspiracy, burglary and wiretapping

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10
Q

When were the five burglars plus E Howard Hunt and G Gordon Libby (who were found by the FBI to have planned the burglary and been members of both the White House Plumbers and CREEP) charged?

A

15th Sept 1972

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11
Q

What happened on the 11th Nov 1972?

A

Nixon won the presidential election

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12
Q

When was the trial for the Watergate break in?

A

8th-30th Jan 1973

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13
Q

What did the Senate do on the 7th Feb 1973

A

Create a Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities

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14
Q

What happened on the 19th March 1973

A

James McCord (a burglar) wrote to the trial judge claiming White House staff had told the burglars to lie during the trial

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15
Q

When did Nixon deny advanced knowledge of the break-in?

A

23rd April 1973

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16
Q

What happened on the 30th April 1973?

A

Nixon dismissed Dean and Haldeman, Ehrlichman resigned

17
Q

When did Senate Committee hearings begin?

A

17th May 1973

18
Q

When did John Dean testify?

A

25th June 1973

19
Q

What was John Dean’s testimony?

A

Nixon was involved in the cover-up days after the break-in happened

20
Q

When did Nixon say he wouldn’t testify nor grant access to the files?

A

7th July 1973

21
Q

When was the White House taping system revealed?

A

16th July 1973

22
Q

When did the Senate Committee demand the White House tapes and documents were handed over?

A

23rd July 1973

23
Q

What happened on the 25th July 1973?

A

Nixon refused to hand over tapes and documents

24
Q

What happened on the 9th Aug 1973?

A

Senate Committee begins a law suit against Nixon for failing to hand over tapes and documents

25
Q

When did Nixon hand over some edited transcripts of the tapes?

A

23rd Oct 1973

26
Q

What happened on the 21st Nov 1973?

A

A gap of nearly 20 minutes is found on a conversation between Nixon and Haldeman on the 20th June 1972

27
Q

What happened on the 6th Feb 1974?

A

House of Representative officially allowed investigations on whether to impeach Nixon

28
Q

When did the Supreme Court unanimously order Nixon to release all the tapes and documents?

A

24th July 1974

29
Q

When did investigations decide that Nixon could be impeached?

A

27th-30th July 1974

30
Q

When were the final tapes released?

A

5th Aug 1974

31
Q

Which tape provided the “smoking gun”?

A

23rd June 1972

32
Q

When did Nixon resign and Ford become president?

A

9th Aug 1974

33
Q

What was the impact of Watergate on Nixon?

A

He resigned

34
Q

What was the impact of Watergate on the perception of politics?

A
  • Less faith/trust
  • Belief of total corruption and possible criminality
35
Q

What was the impact of Watergate on laws passed?

A
  • War Powers Act (1973) stopped a president going to war with Congress’ approval
  • House and Senate Open Meeting Rules (1973) stated that all committee meetings had to be open to the public
  • Freedom of Information Act (1974) gave people the right to access any government document in which they featured
  • Privacy Act (1974) set rules on how the government could collect information on individuals
  • Election Campaign Act (1974) set limits on election campaign spending and contribution
  • Congress Budget Control Act (1974) set rules on how the president could use government money
36
Q

What was the impact of Watergate on US government?

A
  • Government officials were trialled and sentenced
  • Fewer politicians
  • Fewer voters
  • More difficult to recruit officials for parties/the federal Government
  • Change of values
  • Greater value of honesty
  • Lesser value of capabilities
  • Politicians showed honesty, held open meetings and published financial records
  • Republicans lost seats
  • Democrats won the 1976 election
  • Jimmy Carter was elected. He was unknown, not in the “Washington Set”, unskilled and honest
37
Q

What was the impact of Watergate on Ford and the pardon?

A
  • Gerald Ford became president
  • He pardoned Nixon
38
Q

What was the impact of Watergate on journalism?

A
  • Politics was more public
  • There was a focus on uncovering more
  • Quick to publish “scandals” with lack of evidence

History (14 decks)

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