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History > Civil Rights in the 1950s > Flashcards

Civil Rights in the 1950s Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the American Civil War?

A

1861-1865

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2
Q

What was the Civil War fought over?

A

Slavery

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3
Q

What did the Southern States forming during the civil war?

A

The Confederate States of America

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4
Q

13th amendment

A

Abolition of slavery

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5
Q

14th amendment

A

Citizenship for all black Americans, equal protection

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6
Q

15th amendment

A

Right to vote

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7
Q

Equal employment

A

Civil rights act of 1866

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8
Q

When did the Jim Crow Laws begin to appear?

A

1877

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9
Q

The Deep South

A

Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana

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10
Q

The South

A

Deep South + Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina and Florida

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11
Q

How were black Americans unfairly defied of voting?

A

Poll tax, literacy test and the grandfather clause

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12
Q

What was the ruling of Plessy vs Ferguson (1896)

A

Segregation is legal so long as both sides are equal, “separate but equal”

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13
Q

When was Linda Brown rejected by Summer Elementary School in Topeka, Kansas

A

1951

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14
Q

When did the Supreme Court rule that segregation in education was unconstitutional?

A

17th May 1954

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15
Q

What were the positive consequences of Brown vs Topeka?

A
  • NAACP
  • Increased awareness of Black American Civil Rights
  • Restored hope to civil rights campaigns
  • Set a legal precedent used in other desegregation rulings
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16
Q

What were the negative consequences of Brown vs Topeka?

A
  • Integration affected children’s learning
  • Too long
  • “White flight” lead to further segregation
  • White racists caused backlash
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17
Q

Who was Emmet Till?

A

A 14-year-old black American from Chicago

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18
Q

What did Emmet Till do that may have provoked his murder?

A

Told other teenagers he had a white girlfriend and May have whistled at or flirted with a grocery store owner Carolyn Bryant on 24th August 1955

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19
Q

When was Emmet Till abducted and by whom?

A

On the 28th August 1955 by Carolyn’s husband and her brother

20
Q

When was Emmet Till’s body discovered?

A

31st August 1955

21
Q

What did Emmet Till’s murder do?

A

Media publicity and confirmed systemic racism in the South

22
Q

When we’re 9 students denied entry to the previously all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas?

A

4th Sept 1957

23
Q

What happened if the 12th Sept 1957?

A

President Eisenhower met with Governor Faunus to try to persuade him to allow to students entry

24
Q

What happened on the 23rd Sept 1957?

A

The police successfully accompanied the students into the school

25
Q

What happened on the 25th Sept 1957?

A

The Little Rock Nine finally attended classes

26
Q

When did high schools in Little Rock close because the state court was fighting the Supreme Court over desegregation?

A

Sept 1958

27
Q

When did high schools in Little Rock reopen and continue integrating?

A

August 1959

28
Q

What was the significance of Federal Intervention in Little Rock?

A
  • Did not solve entrenched racism
  • Backed up the Supreme Court
  • Impactful in the short term
29
Q

What was the significance of the Supreme Court in Little Rock?

A

Weak without support and could raise opposition in local areas

30
Q

What was the significance of the media publicity of Little Rock?

A

Useful in generating Global Awareness; Could catapult individuals to National attention; Very important in forcing government action; Used to thwart changes

31
Q

What was the significance of the MBB?

A

First large-scale, long-term protest by Black Americans in a Southern city; Established that the federal courts were now more reliably pro civil rights; Only impactful in transport, other areas still segregated; Brought MLK to prominence and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was set up in the aftermath, therefore it was seen by many as a starting point of the civil rights movement; Significant backlash when integrated buses started; Showed the power of mass, non-violent protest

32
Q

When and why was the KKK re-established?

A

1954 in reaction the Brown vs Topeka

33
Q

What were the methods of the KKK?

A

Intimidation, lynchings, shootings and bombings

34
Q

Who were the KKK’s targets?

A

Black Americans and civil rights activists

35
Q

When did several African Americans get arrested for refusing to give up their seats to white Americans?

A

Claudette Colvin March 1955, Aurelia Browder April 1955 and Rosa Parks 1st Dec 1955

36
Q

Why did the MIA rally around Rosa Parks?

A

She had 20 years of activism experience and a role as secretary of the local NAACP, well-connected, respected and principled resistance. In addition Colvin was pregnant at 15

37
Q

What date was Rosa Parks’ trial?

A

5th Dec 1955

38
Q

Who called from all African Americans to boycott the buses on the day of Rosa Parks’ trial?

A

The Women’s Political Council

39
Q

Where was the Montgomery Improvement Association set up?

A

The Holt Street Baptist Church

40
Q

What were the MIA’s demands?

A
  • Bus drivers to treat all passengers with respect; Black Americans should not have to stand up for white people; Black American drivers to be recruited to drive in mostly black routes
41
Q

When did the boycott end?

A

20th Dec 1956 (381 days)

42
Q

When was MLK’s house bombed?

A

30th Jan 1956

43
Q

When we’re 90 leaders of the MIA imprisoned and when we’re they trialed?

A

Arrested 22nd Feb 1956, trialed 14th March 1956

44
Q

Johnson’s effective political dealings prevented filibustering of the bill again as in 1956

A

What were the causes of the civil rights act of 1957?

45
Q
  • It set up the US commission on Civil Rights to investigate how African Americas were prevented from voting; Allowed federal courts to prosecute states that tried to prevent people from voting
A

What were the clauses of the civil rights act of 1957?

46
Q
  • An import first step by Congress in trying to improve civil right through the law; Had little direct impact on civil rights demonstrating the limited effect of Supreme Court action on its own; Encourage civil rights campaigners to push for further laws; Acknowledge that many African Americans were unable to vote and something should be done about it
A

What were the impacts and significance of the civil rights act of 1957?

History (14 decks)

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