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2021-2022 GI Review Rearr > Other Non-Science > Flashcards

Other Non-Science Flashcards

1
Q

___% of liver cirrhosis is caused by viral hepatitis

A

57% of liver cirrhosis is caused by viral hepatitis

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2
Q

Which pathogen is the most common cause of diarrhea-related deaths in children <5 years old?

A

Rotavirus

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3
Q

72% of deaths from diarrhea occur in children <2 years old, mostly in [2 areas]

A

72% of deaths from diarrhea occur in children <2 years old, mostly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

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4
Q

Who should be tested (and potentially treated) for HCV first?

A
  • Birth cohort born 1945-1965
    • 3.25% prevalence of HCV
    • Make up 75% of those with chronic
    • Liver disease is highest
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5
Q

Children with moderate-severe diarrhea have ___ higher odds of death in 60 days of follow-up and significantly decreased linear growth

A

Children with moderate-severe diarrhea have 8.5 higher odds of death in 60 days of follow-up and significantly decreased linear growth

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6
Q

What percentage of adults age 50-75 adhere to recommended screening guidelines?

A

60%

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7
Q

What is the major shift in HCV prevention/treatment in the last 10 years?

A
  • Previously: Harm Reduction
    • Needle/syringe exchange
    • Drug treatment programs
  • Now: Test and Treat (and continue harm reduction)
    • ​Epidemiology-based testing
    • Eventual goal is universal testing
    • Cure those with HVA (we have a cure now!! :D)
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8
Q

Which viral hepatitis is most easliy transmitted?

A

HBV

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9
Q

What is the 5-year survival rate for colon cancer if it’s caught early?

A

90%

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10
Q

What measurement is used to measure undernutrition in children <5 yers old?

A

Stunting (too short for one’s age)

Associated with:

  • Suboptimal brain development
  • Increased risk of adult obesity and chronic disease
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11
Q

Globally, incidence of diarrhea peaks at ___ - ___ months old

A

Globally, incidence of diarrhea peaks at 6-11 months old

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12
Q

72% of deaths from diarrhea occur in children <___years old, mostly inSouth Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

A

72% of deaths from diarrhea occur in children <2 years old, mostly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

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13
Q

What percentage of colorectal cancer is caught at an early (local) stage?

A

40%

Goal is to increase this number by increasing screening

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14
Q

Why is exclusively breastfeeding infants <6 months old recommended to prevent diarrhea?

A
  • Breastmilk has antibodies - passive immunity!
    • Important as the passive immunity acquired throughthe placenta wantes
  • Less exposure to environemental pathogens that may be in other food sources
  • Provides essential nutrients and water
  • Less expensive
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15
Q

Which micronutrients are important for reducing mortality from diarrhea? (2)

A

Zinc*

Vitamin A

*Zinc is indicated as part of treatment during diarrhea

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16
Q

Which 4 pathogens accounted for the majority of the cases of moderate-severe diarrhea in the GEMS study

A
  • Rotavirus
    • ​Leading cause of moderate-severe diarrhea in infancy
    • Most common cause of diarrhea-related death in children <5
  • Cryptosporidium
  • ETEC
  • Shigella

(These 4 are implicated in less severe diarrhea too)

17
Q

Which health belief model construct is consistently related to CRC screening?

A

Patient’s percieved barriers

Includes:

  • Embarassment
  • Fear
  • Cost
  • Time

Also related: percieved susceptibility, calls to action, self-efficacy

18
Q
A

D - Diabetes

19
Q

What body fluid contains the most HCV particles?

A

Blood

  • Highly associated with IV drug use
  • Possible sexual transmission
20
Q

What percent of liveer cancer is caused by viral hepatitis?

A

78%

21
Q

Is it cost effective to cure HCV?

A

Yes!

  • Curing a patient costs WAY LESS than caring for a patient with chronic liver disease
  • But according to our healthcare system, “universal treatment is neither feasible or affordable”
  • But this might change one day
    • Production cost is very low, maybe generics one day
22
Q

___% of deaths from diarrhea occur in children <2 years old, mostly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

A

72% of deaths from diarrhea occur in children <2 years old, mostly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

23
Q

What is the WHO recommendation for the rotavirus vaccine?

A

Universal

24
Q

What is the first-line treatment for diarrhea?

A

Oral rehydration + Zinc supplements

  • Most diarrhea-related deaths occur due to dehydration
  • Use IV solution if necessary
25
Q

How can providers help to increase rates of colon cancer screening?

A
  • Make the recommendation!
  • Increase pt education
  • Provide social and emotional support
26
Q

Diarrhea causes ___% of deaths in children under 5 years

A

Diarrhea causes 8% of deaths in children under 5 years

(72% of deaths in children under 2 years)

27
Q

What is the definition of diarrhea?

How long does it have to last to be considered “persistent”?

A

Passage of ≥ 3 loose or watery stools in 24 hour period

Persistent lasts 14+ days
(Considered terminated if there are 2+ days free of diarrhea)

28
Q

What is contained in oral rehydration solution?

A
  • Sodium
  • Chloride
  • Potassium
  • Gluose (Facilitate absorption)
  • Citrate (correct acidosis)

Total osmolarity = 245 mmol/L

29
Q

What percentage of people with a new HCV infection are symptomatic?

A

10-15%

Many asymptomatic!!

30
Q

What is the preferred colorectal cancer screening test?

A

Colonoscopy every 10 years after age 50

  • Can detect cancer early
  • Can also prevent cancer by removing poyps!
31
Q

___% of children who get HBV develop a chronic infection

___% of adults who get HBV develop a chronic infection

A

70-90% of children who get HBV develop a chronic infection

3-5% of adults who get HBV develop a chronic infection

Infection during childhood = WAY higher risk of chronic infection

32
Q

Rotavirus causes ___% of diarrheal-deaths globally

A

Rotavirus causes 37% of diarrheal-deaths globally

2021-2022 GI Review Rearr (38 decks)

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