147b/148b - Etiology and Pathophysiology of Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 determinants of obesity

A
  • Genetic
  • Epigenetic
  • Psychosocial
  • Microbiota
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What hormones are released by fat? (6)

A
  • Leptin
  • Fatty acids
  • Adiponectin
  • TNF-alpha
  • PAI-1
  • Cytokines (Esp IL-6)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Losing 5-10% of body weight = ____% reduction in visceral fat

A

Losing 5-10% of body weight = 30% reduction in visceral fat

(Visceral fat is estimated by waist circumference)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 possible components of metabolic syndrome?

How many are needed for diagnosis?

A
  • Increased waist circumference
    • Men > 40 in, women > 35 in
  • Elevated triglycerides
  • Elevated blood pressure
  • Elevated fasting glucose
  • Reduced HDL-C

Need at least 3 for diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does deposition of fat in the lower body segments (butt, hips, thighs) carry less risk for obesity-associated morbidity than deposition in the abdominal area?

A

Fat in the lower body is associated subcutaneous fat

Abdominal fat is associated with visceral fat

Visceral fat = increased risk of obesity-related morbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is obesity pathological?

(What changes occur in obesity that are detrimental to health?

A
  • Release of cytokines and adipokines -> inflammation
  • Mechanical burden on joints
  • Increased abdominal pressure -> GERD
  • Increased repiratory burden
  • Increased CV burden (Due to fluid and hemodynamic changes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is obesity heritable?

A

Yes

Genetic + epigenetic factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are energy requirements higher or lower in obesity, compared with a lean state?

A

Energy requirements are higher

Increased Fat Free Mass and Total Energy Expenditure

More weight = more calories burned for a given activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of the inflammatory state related to obesity

A

Signlaning becomes abberent when growth outpaces angiogenesis

  • Adipocytes are fine and happy to grow until they get too big for their blood supply
  • -> Stress due to hypoxia
  • -> Adipokine release
  • -> Inflammatory cells (macrophages) are recruited
  • -> More adipokine, cytokine relesase
  • -> Inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly