Other Lower Respiratory Problems

Question 1

Acute Bronchitis: Symptoms and Treatment

Answer 1

Symptoms
• fever, headache, malaise, SOB – sputum is usually clear.
• Often starts after a cold and the client develops a persistent cough.

Treatment
generally supportive.
Fluids, rest, anti-inflammatory agents

Question 2

Pulmonary Fungal Infections Found most frequently in

Answer 2

clients being treated with corticosteroids, antineoplastic and immuno-suppressive drugs, or multiple antibiotics; clients with AIDS and cystic fibrosis

Question 3

Pulmonary Fungal Infections Treatments

Answer 3

• IV amphotericin B most widely used for treatment

* Oral antifungals may be used as alternatives

Question 4

Environmental Lung Diseases

• symptoms
• treatment

Answer 4

Symptoms:
Dyspnea and cough (early)
Chest pain and cough with sputum (mid)
pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, and cor pulmonale (late)

Care
Prevent or decrease environmental and occupational risks.
Refrain from smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke.
Early diagnosis is essential.
No specific treatment

Question 5

Lung Caner

Answer 5

• Most preventable cancer
• Cigarette smoking most important risk factor
• symptoms Usually nonspecific
• first-reported symptom: persistent cough that may be productive of sputum

Diagnostic studies
Staging
Screening for lung cancer

Collaborative care
Surgical therapy
Radiation therapy
Stereotactic radiotherapy 
Chemotherapy
Biological therapy

Question 6

Primary lung tumours include

Answer 6

sarcomas, lymphomas, and bronchial adenomas

Question 7

Pleural Effusion symptoms

Answer 7

Progressive dyspnea; decreased movement of the chest wall on the affected side; pleuritic pain from the underlying disease; dullness to percussion and absent or decreased breath sounds over the affected area during physical examination
Manifestations of empyema include those of pleural effusion as well as fever, night sweats, cough, and weight loss.