Blood, Leukemia and Hodgkins

Question 1

composition of blood

Answer 1

Plasma = 55%

Formed elemebts = 45%

Question 2

functions of blood

Answer 2

Maintain electrolyte and fluid balance
Protein reserve
Aids in clotting
Immune functions
Transports nutrients, CO2, hormones, drugs to and from tissues.

Question 3

What does Hematocrit measure (Hct)?

Answer 3

measures the proportion of red blood cells in your blood.

Question 4

What hemoglobin measure (Hb)?

Answer 4

serves as the transporter for oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 5

Iron metabolism

Answer 5

3% of iron is loss in urinw, swet, bile nad epitilia celss (can also be loss in blood loss)

Question 6

What are the 4 stages of leukaemia

Answer 6

1) Induction therapy
2) Intensification therapy
3) Consolidation therapy
4) Maintenance therapy

Question 7

Induction therapy

Answer 7

Attempt to induce remission.
Seek to destroy leukemic cells in tissues, peripheral blood, and bone marrow.
Client may become critically ill.
Provide psychological support as well.

After 1 dose of induction therapy 70% of clients have complete remission

Question 8

Intensification therapy

Answer 8

High-dose therapy
May be given after induction therapy
Same drugs at higher doses and/or other drugs

Question 9

Consolidation therapy

Answer 9

After remission is achieved

Eliminate remaining leukemic cells that may not be pathologically evident

Question 10

Maintenance therapy

Answer 10

Lower doses of the same drug given every 3–4 weeks

Goal is to keep the body free of leukemic cells

Question 11

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Answer 11

• Goal: Totally eliminate leukemic cells using combinations of chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation.
• Eradicates client’s hematopoietic stem cells

Question 12

Stem Cell Transplantation

Answer 12

• Replaced with those of an HLA-matched (sibling, twin)

* Or replace with own stem cells (autologous)

Question 13

Diagnostic and staging studies of Hodgkins

Answer 13

• Main diagnosis is the presents of Reed Sternberg cells in lymph node biopsies
• Peripheral blood analysis
• Biopsies of lymph nodes
• Bone marrow biopsies
• Ct scans or MRI

Question 14

Treatment of Hodgkins

Answer 14

• Treatment involves radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Indolent (low grade), aggressive (high grade), or highly aggressive (very high grade)
• Most clients relapse several times, and cure is unlikely.
• Therapy (rituximab) is indicated if the client has local symptoms from progressive, bulky, or painful disease or a compromise of normal organ function.

Question 15

Multiple Myeloma Treatment

Answer 15

• Major focus of care relates to the bone involvement and the sequelae from bone breakdown.
• Maintaining adequate hydration
• Taking care when moving or ambulating client (because of potential for pathological fractures)
• Pain management
• Assessment and prompt treatment of infection
• Psychosocial needs