Other Exam 2 material

Question 1

What are some criticism to the Neo Personality Inventory

Answer 1

1.)The model describes strucutre but doesnt explain the influence of environment

2. ) You can miss a factor
3. ) there is a 6th factor

Question 2

Define personality disorders

Answer 2

traits are inflexible/maladaptive cause impairment/distress

Question 3

Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by what

Answer 3

Odd or eccentric behavior such as paranoia

One would score low on extraversion

one would score low on agreeableness

Question 4

Cluster B personality disorders are characterized by what?

Answer 4

Narcicism

These people can be charming and manipulative

Score high on extraversion

score low on agreeableness

low on conscientiouness

high on nueroticism

Question 5

Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by what?

Answer 5

Pervassive anxiety fearfullness obsessivness

score high on agreeableness

score high on consciousness

score high on nueroticims

Question 6

Anxiety disorder is characterized by What Scores

Answer 6

High N Low E High O Low A Low C

Question 7

Major depression is characterized by what scores

Answer 7

High N

If you have high E you responsd better to drugs

Question 8

OCD is characterized by what kind of scores

Answer 8

High C

Question 9

Bulimia is characterized by what kind of scores

Answer 9

high N

Question 10

Drug abusers demonstrate what kind of scores

Answer 10

High N

Higher scores on the Excitement seeking facet of Extraversion

Question 11

What are some common misconceptions concerning evolutionary pyschology

Answer 11

Genetic determinism-That genes are the only reason we are the way we are. That is, environment matter equally in development

As humans we cannot change our behavior (Not true)

We are optimiley designed by evolution (this is not true we are probably designed for a much earler time)

We are trying to conscously pass our genes on to the next generation

Question 12

Define Kin altruism

Answer 12

helping those related to us in order to pass on similar or related genes

Question 13

Define Recipricol Altruism

Answer 13

Helping other based on the idea that those who cooperate with each other have a better change of survival and thus passing on their genes than those who dont. Note that natural selection favors those who can identify cheaters in altruistic situations.

Question 14

Discuss Female Evolutionary Strategy

Answer 14

1 reproductive act can lead to a dangerous time consuming pregncy thus women must carefully select a mate and protect the limited numbe of eggs they posses

Question 15

Discuss male Evolutionary Strategy

Answer 15

Goal is to spread the genes as much as possible because males have very little time commitment with a great ptential for evolutionary gain.

Question 16

Female Criteria for mating

Answer 16

Man who can produce healthy children

Mate needs resources

help to nurture woman and child

protect woman and child

Question 17

Male criteria for mating

Answer 17

REPRODUCTIVE VALUE

can she give me children?

Age/attrativeness

Question 18

Define Thorndike’s Law of Effect

Answer 18

Behavior is effected by it’s consequences

Reward increases behavior

punishment decreases behavior

Question 19

Define and Discuss Skinners Principle of Reinforcement

Answer 19

-we have no free will

All of our behavior is due to the reinforcers in our environment.

Question 20

Who has a similar theory to Skinners principle of reinforcement

Answer 20

Frued

Also said we have no free will but this is due to the unconscious dominating our actions.

Question 21

Define Positive reinforcement

Answer 21

A stimulus is added following a behavior

Goal is to increase behavior

Question 22

Define Negative Reinforcement

Answer 22

stimulus is removed following a behavior

still trying to increase a behavior

Question 23

Define Punishment in terms of Skinner’s principle of reinforcement

Answer 23

punishment is the consequence of a behavior that decreases the chance that it will happen again.

Question 24

Define Prompting

Answer 24

prompting is the process of remindind a subject to perform a behavior

Question 25

define shaping

Answer 25

A form of teaching

A procedure used used to reward successive approximations to a desired behavior

ex. showing a rat a lever that will administer a drug and a conditioned stimulus

Question 26

Discuss the relationship between operant condition and superstitious behavior

Answer 26

A behavior does not need to cause as long as reinforcement follows the behavior the behavior will be conditioned

ex. pigoen in an operant box swinging it’s head despite the fact food is released regardless

Question 27

Discuss Operant Conditioning and OCD

Answer 27

peope carry out particular acts because these acts perform negative reinforcement (something aversive eg the anxiety associated with not performing an action is removed.)

Question 28

Define a continous Schedule of operant conditioning

Answer 28

a behavior is reinforced everytime it is performed

Question 29

Define intermittent schedule of reinforcement

Answer 29

only some instances of an action are reinforced

this method is better than a continuous schedule at maintaining behavior

4 types

1. Fixed interval
2. fixed ratio
3. variable interval
4. variable ratio

Question 30

explain the fixed interval schedule of reinforcement

Answer 30

the amount of time between reinforced response is constanct.

Subject will perform behavior at an increasing rate that peaks right before reinforcement

Question 31

Explain a fixed ratio schedule

Answer 31

of response is constant

Question 32

Explain a variable interval pattern of reinforcement

Answer 32

ON AVERAGE the time between reinforced responses is the same but not constant

ex. you go fishing for 4 hours and catch four fish

YOU DIDNT CATCH 4 fish every hour on the hour but randomly throughout the day

Question 33

explain the variable ratio schedule

Answer 33

a number of response is performed on the average before a response is reinforced

-this is the most effective schedule for reinforcement-

Question 34

discuss self control therapy

Answer 34

use operant conditioning to change ones behavior

3 phases

1. self monitoring
2. self eval
3. reinforcement or punishment

Question 35

discuss the self monitoring phase of self control therapy

Answer 35

one records every action concerning a behavior they would like to change

Question 36

discuss the second stage of self evaluation

Answer 36

determine a REALISTIC goal for target behavior

Question 37

discuss the third phase of self control therapy

Answer 37

reinforcement or punishment must be administered easily