Other Exam 2 material Flashcards
What are some criticism to the Neo Personality Inventory
1.)The model describes strucutre but doesnt explain the influence of environment
- ) You can miss a factor
- ) there is a 6th factor
Define personality disorders
traits are inflexible/maladaptive cause impairment/distress
Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by what
Odd or eccentric behavior such as paranoia
One would score low on extraversion
one would score low on agreeableness
Cluster B personality disorders are characterized by what?
Narcicism
These people can be charming and manipulative
Score high on extraversion
score low on agreeableness
low on conscientiouness
high on nueroticism
Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by what?
Pervassive anxiety fearfullness obsessivness
score high on agreeableness
score high on consciousness
score high on nueroticims
Anxiety disorder is characterized by What Scores
High N Low E High O Low A Low C
Major depression is characterized by what scores
High N
If you have high E you responsd better to drugs
OCD is characterized by what kind of scores
High C
Bulimia is characterized by what kind of scores
high N
Drug abusers demonstrate what kind of scores
High N
Higher scores on the Excitement seeking facet of Extraversion
What are some common misconceptions concerning evolutionary pyschology
Genetic determinism-That genes are the only reason we are the way we are. That is, environment matter equally in development
As humans we cannot change our behavior (Not true)
We are optimiley designed by evolution (this is not true we are probably designed for a much earler time)
We are trying to conscously pass our genes on to the next generation
Define Kin altruism
helping those related to us in order to pass on similar or related genes
Define Recipricol Altruism
Helping other based on the idea that those who cooperate with each other have a better change of survival and thus passing on their genes than those who dont. Note that natural selection favors those who can identify cheaters in altruistic situations.
Discuss Female Evolutionary Strategy
1 reproductive act can lead to a dangerous time consuming pregncy thus women must carefully select a mate and protect the limited numbe of eggs they posses
Discuss male Evolutionary Strategy
Goal is to spread the genes as much as possible because males have very little time commitment with a great ptential for evolutionary gain.
Female Criteria for mating
Man who can produce healthy children
Mate needs resources
help to nurture woman and child
protect woman and child
Male criteria for mating
REPRODUCTIVE VALUE
can she give me children?
Age/attrativeness
Define Thorndike’s Law of Effect
Behavior is effected by it’s consequences
Reward increases behavior
punishment decreases behavior
Define and Discuss Skinners Principle of Reinforcement
-we have no free will
All of our behavior is due to the reinforcers in our environment.
Who has a similar theory to Skinners principle of reinforcement
Frued
Also said we have no free will but this is due to the unconscious dominating our actions.
Define Positive reinforcement
A stimulus is added following a behavior
Goal is to increase behavior
Define Negative Reinforcement
stimulus is removed following a behavior
still trying to increase a behavior
Define Punishment in terms of Skinner’s principle of reinforcement
punishment is the consequence of a behavior that decreases the chance that it will happen again.
Define Prompting
prompting is the process of remindind a subject to perform a behavior
define shaping
A form of teaching
A procedure used used to reward successive approximations to a desired behavior
ex. showing a rat a lever that will administer a drug and a conditioned stimulus
Discuss the relationship between operant condition and superstitious behavior
A behavior does not need to cause as long as reinforcement follows the behavior the behavior will be conditioned
ex. pigoen in an operant box swinging it’s head despite the fact food is released regardless
Discuss Operant Conditioning and OCD
peope carry out particular acts because these acts perform negative reinforcement (something aversive eg the anxiety associated with not performing an action is removed.)
Define a continous Schedule of operant conditioning
a behavior is reinforced everytime it is performed
Define intermittent schedule of reinforcement
only some instances of an action are reinforced
this method is better than a continuous schedule at maintaining behavior
4 types
- Fixed interval
- fixed ratio
- variable interval
- variable ratio
explain the fixed interval schedule of reinforcement
the amount of time between reinforced response is constanct.
Subject will perform behavior at an increasing rate that peaks right before reinforcement
Explain a fixed ratio schedule
of response is constant
Explain a variable interval pattern of reinforcement
ON AVERAGE the time between reinforced responses is the same but not constant
ex. you go fishing for 4 hours and catch four fish
YOU DIDNT CATCH 4 fish every hour on the hour but randomly throughout the day
explain the variable ratio schedule
a number of response is performed on the average before a response is reinforced
-this is the most effective schedule for reinforcement-
discuss self control therapy
use operant conditioning to change ones behavior
3 phases
- self monitoring
- self eval
- reinforcement or punishment
discuss the self monitoring phase of self control therapy
one records every action concerning a behavior they would like to change
discuss the second stage of self evaluation
determine a REALISTIC goal for target behavior
discuss the third phase of self control therapy
reinforcement or punishment must be administered easily
