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Theories of Personality > Exam 3 material > Flashcards

Exam 3 material Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Assumptions of the cognitive social leraning perspective

A

Agrees with behaviorists

behavior is situation specific

personality is formed through interactions with enviroment

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2
Q

Define the Consistency Paradox

A

We use traits to describe people when in reality traits are inconsistent and very with situations

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3
Q

What are the two levels of consistency

A
  1. ) Cross situational consistency
    * refers to consis. across structure and time
  2. ) Temporal consistency
    * refers to consis within structure across time
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4
Q

Cognitive Person variables

A

Qualities that influence how you react to the environment

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5
Q

What are competencies

A
  1. ) what a person knows/can do
  2. ) what we are capable of doing

These are active processes

differences between people reflect different competencies

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6
Q

What are the two types of knowledge

A
  1. ) declarative
  2. ) procedural
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7
Q

discuss declaritive knowledge

A

Knowledge we can delcare and articulate

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8
Q

discuss procedural knowledge

A

knowledge we can not articulate. Some competencies are context specific for example making good flah cards does not get you dates.

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9
Q

Discuss Encoding Strategies

A

People differ in how we look at events

Provides reason for consistency but also expalins inconsistency

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10
Q

Define Expectations

A

What we think will happen based on past experiences

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11
Q

Define stimulus outcome expectancy

A

What we think will happen based on past experiences

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12
Q

Discuss behavior outcomes

A

what will happen if you behave in a particular way

there is a link between actions/consequences

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13
Q

Define self efficacy

A

Our confidence in our ability to complete a certain action

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14
Q

Subjective Stimulus values

A

The preference you have for certain outcomes compared to others

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15
Q

Discuss the self regulatory system and plans

A

need to start and set goals

refers to a certain amount of will power

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16
Q

Discuss personal construct theory

A

Construct-interpretation of an event unique personal perspective of how the world works

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17
Q

define construct

A

interpretation of an event

unique personal perspective on how the world works

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18
Q

define event

A

refers to objects/people/feelings

you generate constructs than impose your own unique perspective

the object of a construct

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19
Q

discuss constructive alternativism

A

all events are open to multiple interpretations

CONSTRUCTS ARE UNIQUE LABELS ARE NOT UNIQUE

this is where differences in personality come from

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20
Q

discuss the Dichotomy corollarie

A

we do not have endless constructs and each one consists of opposing characteristics

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21
Q

Define Slot movement

A

Abrupt change change from one pole to it’s opposite

caused by stress.

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22
Q

Discuss the construction corollary

A

A person interprets events by construing their replications

you anticipate events by your interpretation of prior events.

this reflects qualities that recur

constructs dont occur by random

This explains why events occur with regularity

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23
Q

Discuss the choice corrolary

A

When we are presented with an event we have to make 2 choices

  1. ) choose which construct to use
  2. ) choose which pole to use (emergent vs implicit)
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24
Q

Definition vs. Extension

A

Definition is the ordinary, safe use of a construct in a familiar way.

Extension is related to permeability invovles using the construct to predict an event for which it has not been used before.

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25
Q

permeability

A

refers to the ease of construct application to new events

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26
Q

How does one choose between extension and definition

A
  1. ) individual differences
  2. ) temporary situational factors
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27
Q

Range corrolary

A

Constructs only applicable to a limited range of events

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28
Q

Focus of convience

A

refers to the events for which a construct is more predictive

29
Q

Modulation Corrolary

A

How easily can constructs be applied to new experiences (permiability is key)

30
Q

Social learning theory

A

personality represents an interaction with ones environment

An equation was developed BP=F(E&RV)

31
Q

Define Expectancy

A

The probabilty that a particular behavior will result in a specific reinforcer

32
Q

Define Specific Expectancy

A

belief that a certain behavior will lead to a specific outcome

33
Q

Generalized Expectancy

A

belief that a behavior will outcome across a variety of situations

34
Q

Freedom of movement

A

freedom of movement, or a person’s overall expectation of being reinforced for performing those behaviors that are directed toward satisfying some general need; and (3) need value, or the extent to which people prefer one set of reinforcements to another. Need components are analogous to the more specific concepts of behavior potential, expectancy, and reinforcement value.

35
Q

High Freedom of movement

A

anticipates success and achieving

36
Q

Low freedom of movement

A

anticipates failure

37
Q

Need value

A

The average value you place on group of reinforcers

38
Q

Minimal Goal level

A

refers to the lowest level within a category of reinforcements you will consider as being reinforceing

High MGL who does not achieve goal has a low freedome of movement

39
Q

Pyschological situation

A

combinatiion of internal/external factors that influence response to a situation behavior is only predicable when we know the pyschological situation

our behavior varies with our perception of each situation

40
Q
A
41
Q

Emergent Pole

A

Pole you apply to an event you are construeing

42
Q

Implicit Pole

A

the pole you are not actively applying

It is important to consider the opposite when construing a situation

Poles are mutually exclusive

Poles are determined by individuals

43
Q

Locus on control

A

refers to our view of the source of outcomes

44
Q

Internals

A

see outcomes as control within

These kind of people believe they have control of their lives

45
Q

Externals

A

See outcomes controlled outside

Internal and external are not a reference to a trait and are not applicable to all situations eg they are not generalizeable

46
Q

What kind of kids do INTERNALS HAVE

A

INTERNALS

47
Q

Describe Internal PArents

A

1.) consistent in discipline

  • kid knows what to expect
  • child has some control
  • warm nurturing supportive
48
Q

Describe External Parents

A

Inconsistent discipline

excessive punishment

over protective

kids cannot develop a sense of competence

49
Q

Correlates of attribution of responsibility

A

Internals=EFFORT BRINGS REWARD

EXTERNALS=focus on luck or the difficulty of the task.

50
Q

Correlates of LOC and conformity

A

Externals are conformists

51
Q

Correlates of LOC with Achievment

A

internality increases with achievment

52
Q

COrrelates of LOC with race

A

Externality is greater with african americans

DUE TO THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING A MINORITY

RACE DOES NOT EXIST

53
Q

COrrelates of LOC with information seeking

A

Internals seek more information

54
Q

COrrelates of LOC with physical health

A

internals are healthier

lower BP

when in hospitals internals cooperate better

more likely to wear seatbelts

55
Q

COrrelates of LOC with pyschological Adjustment

A

internals have better pyschological adjustment

internals have more pre dicision distress.

56
Q

what are the major assumptions of the humanistic perspective

A

focus on the higher aspects of personality

values subjective experience of the individual

focus on the present

active approach

people are intrinsicly good/self perfecting

focus on possibilties and potential

57
Q

What did abraham maslow think of religion

A

THAT SHIT IS SUPERSITION

58
Q

Discuss the need heirarchy

A

Human needs very in immediacny and power

more basic needs to be addres first

59
Q

What are the 5 levels of needs

A

pyshiological

safety

belonginess/love

Esteem needs

Self actualization needs

60
Q

Discuss pysiological needs

A

homeostatic stuff

Do people live on bread alone

DEPENDS ON IF THEY HAVE BREAD

HOW CAN YOU PAINT A MASTERPEICE WHEN YOU ARE HUNGRY AS SHIT

61
Q

DIscuss Safety Needs

A

Safety needs are the needs for securtity protection law and order and predicability

IF THESE needs are not met it stops further development

62
Q

Discuss Belonginess and Love needs

A

when these needs are met it gives people a sense of place in family and group

63
Q

Discuss D love

A

deficiancy love-the hunger to receive love from other people

64
Q

Discuss B love

A

non possesive insatiable love it can be enjoyed without end

Involves very little anxiety and very little hostitlity

NO JEALOUSY OR CLINGLY

THIS KIND OF LOVER WILL HELP THEIR the other towards self actualization

unconditional love

65
Q

Esteem Needs

A

2 kinds esteem from others

Self esteem

  • personal desire for mastery competence achievment and independence
  • If you satisfy these needs you feel like you matter
  • not satisfying these needs makes you feel helpless
66
Q

Self actualization needs

A
  • To become more of what one is
  • To become eveything you are capable of being
  • at this level individual differences are the greatest
  • only a minority of people are even trying to reach their full potential
    *
67
Q

Why isnt self actualization more universal

A

It is easily obstructed by other needs

most people fear the knowledge you would gain from self actualization

68
Q

Jonah Complex

A

Our fear is not that we are inadequate but that we are powerful beyond measure

If we reach our potential it will put us into situations we do not think we can cope with.

69
Q

Discuss D needs

A

The first four needs that require fufillment in order to move forward

Theories of Personality (10 decks)

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