Boox only review

Question 1

Infering traits from behavior

Answer 1

Interests are a good look into personality

Question 2

Infering traits from personality measures

Answer 2

You can infer traits by personality

Question 3

Religion and prejudice

Answer 3

Allport was confused becuase religion rpeaches love but religous people are prejudices

Found that there are two types of religous people

extrinsic and intrinsic

Question 4

Intrinsic religous people

Answer 4

people whos religous beliefs are truely part of their life

these kind of people are typically not prejudice

Question 5

extrinsic religous people

Answer 5

these people use religion for personal gains such as position in society or to meet people

these people are prejudice

Question 6

Discuss Eclecticism

Answer 6

Alport believed that the study of personality must be multi disciniplary

Question 7

discuss subsidiation

Answer 7

one must learn to complete complex actions to satisfy basic drives

Question 8

Dynamic lattice

Answer 8

a sort of map to predict peoples behavior

Question 9

Basic behavioral repertoires

Answer 9

Bassic skills children must learn in order to move on and learn more useful high order skills

ex. you must learn to hold a pencil before you can learn to write.

Question 10

The act frequency approach

Answer 10

measuring personality traits by assessing the frequency of prototypical behaviors

Question 11

Matched dependent behavior

Answer 11

learning to make the same response as a model in response to a cue from the model

Question 12

What are the four critical training periods of childhood

Answer 12

1. feeding
2. cleanliness training
3. early sex training
4. anger anxiety conflicts

Question 13

Feeding phase of development

Answer 13

either properly feeding or neglecting a young child causes it to either become socially normal or not

Question 14

Cleanliness training stage of development

Answer 14

corresponse to frueds anal stage

child learns to pair base cues with more complex behaviors ex toilet training

Question 15

anger anxiety conflicts

Answer 15

correspond to frueds first three pyscho sexual stages

in this stage the child learns to properly label and express the emotion of anger as anger not as bad feelings.

Question 16

• Stimulus generalization

Answer 16

1. •Occurrence of a response to a stimulus other than the one that was a cue during learning
2. •Example: child who learned to be afraid of one dog (who bit the child) will also be afraid of other dogs—the fear generalized to other dogs
3. •The response will be more likely or stronger for cues that are quite similar to those present at learning and less likely/less strong to less similar cues
4. •Generalization contributes to other behaviors as well; childhood tendencies to obey parents generalizes so that leaders provide cues for obedience

Question 17

• Stimulus discrimination

Answer 17

1. •Responding only to particular cues
2. •The more a response generalizes, the less discrimination there is
3. •If repeated learning experiences occur in which responses are rewarded only to highly specific cues, the learner will discriminate among the stimulus cues
4. •Example: If one cat in the house purrs when it is pet, the child will learn to only pet that one cat
5. • Gradient of reinforcement
6. •The greater strengthening of the responses that are immediately followed by reward; delayed reward is less effective than immediate reward
7. •The more closely the response is followed by the reward, the more it is strengthened

Question 18

1. • Approach-approach

Answer 18

2. •Conflict in which an organism simultaneously wishes to approach two incompatable goals
3. •One of minimal conflict because opposing tendencies are in equilibrium
4. •Momentarily uncertain which will be chosen
5. •Brief movements make the choice easy

Question 19

• Approach-avoidance

Answer 19

1. •Conflict in which an organism simultaneously whishes to approach and to avoid the same goal
2. •The same course of action will lead to both reward and punishment
3. •Because an avoidance gradient is steeper than the approach gradient, the two may cross and the approach tendency will be higher further from the goal but as the goal approaches, the avoidance tendency may be higher
4. •People can behave quite inconsistently in approach-avoidance conflicts
5. •Anxiety is acutely felt at the crossover point where approach and avoidance tendencies are equally as strong

Question 20

• Double approach-avoidance

Answer 20

1. •Conflict in which an organism must choose between two options, both of which have negative and positive aspects
2. •Indecisiveness is a sign that there is an avoidance aspect to a choice
3. •Strength of avoidance tendency increases more steeply than the approach tendency as person nears the goal
4. •When person is far from the goal, little conflict is experienced and positive hopes of approach prevail
5. •After choice is made and person moves toward goal, avoidance tendencies increase

Question 21

What neurotransmitter is novelty seeking associated with

Answer 21

dopamine

Question 22

what nuerotransmitter is harm avoidance associated with

Answer 22

serotonin

Question 23

what nuerotransmitter is reward dependacne associated with

Answer 23

norepinephrine

Question 24

Describe Gray’s sensitivity theory

Answer 24

some people emphasize approach and positive emotions whereas other emphasize approach and avoidance behaviors

Question 25

6. • Avoidance-avoidance

Answer 25

7. •Conflict in which an organism must choose between two goals, both of which it finds undesirable, but is constrained from abandoning the situation
8. •Only way to produce a response may be to increase the threat of punishment and because this increases escape option, constraints must also be increased
9. •Such decisions invite postponement and procrastination
   • Approach-avoidance