Other diseases/disorders

Question 1

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 1

Excessive CSF in the ventricles of the brain
Skull can expand
Spina bifida often leads to hydrocephalus

Question 2

Causes of hydrocephalus

Answer 2

Genetics
Tumors
TBI
Infections

Question 3

Treatment for hydrocephalus

Answer 3

Remove the cause of possible
Shunt (like a pool pump, pumps fluid out)
- Peritoneal: runs down back of neck, between acromion process and clavicle, drains into perineal area
- Atrial: drains into heart
- Shunts can get clogged and stop working. Shunts are kept until problem is resolved or sometimes for life.

Question 4

Signs of hydrocephalus

Answer 4

Headaches
Enlarged head
Abnormal tone
Vomiting
Sunset eyes – can only see bottom half of eye
Blurred vision

Question 5

OT role with hydrocephalus patient

Answer 5

Make sure shunt works
Developmental delay
Disease process
Likely to miss school, may make modifications to get caught up

Question 6

Spina bifida occulta

Answer 6

defect in bone
often not picked up until X-ray or MRI done on the back
comes with a tuft of dark, curly hair that grows right over the spot of the defect

Question 7

Spina bifida meningocele

Answer 7

defect in bone and sac but no nerve involvement
most don’t have severe issues

Question 8

Spina bifida myelomeningocele

Answer 8

meninges and nerves are involved
whatever level the defect is at, typically person will have paralysis in inferior levels

Question 9

Types of neural tube defects

Answer 9

• Spina bifida occulta
• Spina bifida meningocele
• Spina bifida myelomeningocele

Question 10

Cause of neural tube defects

Answer 10

Environmental/teratogens
Folic acid
Can be dx at 16-18 weeks gestation

Question 11

OT role with neural tube defects

Answer 11

Work with them from birth to make sure they are hitting their milestones, have good upper limb function, have adaptive equipment

Question 12

Treatment for neural tube defects

Answer 12

If detected early in development and surgery can be performed in utero to repair it before the baby starts to elongate. Can be the difference between paralyzed from waist down and having problems with dorsi and plantar flexion.

Question 13

Reye’s syndrome

Answer 13

Cause is not known
Almost always follows some type of illness (strep), usually viral
Link to aspirin and aspirin products
- No longer given to children under 12
- Pepto has aspirin
Butterfly shaped rash
Development in reverse: stop developing and begin to regress

Question 14

Types of brachial plexus injury

Answer 14

Erb’s palsy
Klumpke’s
Combines

Question 15

Erb’s palsy

Answer 15

• most common
• C5-c6, shoulder but no hand
• Waiter’s tip: internal rotation

Question 16

Klumpke’s

Answer 16

• least common
• C8-t1 more hand impact and less shoulder

Question 17

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 17

Inherited
Chromosome 7
Most common in white males
More than just lung problems
Sweat test
Decreased life expectancy of up to 40 years
All mucous producing parts of the body over produce
Deal with symptoms, no cure

Question 18

OT’s role in CF

Answer 18

Education/genetic issues
Postural drainage: percussions to loosen phlegm collected in lungs so they can cough it up
Developmental delay: not a component like in down syndrome; miss school and opportunities which can lead to these delays
School issues-energy conservation
Chest expansion

Question 19

Etiology for cleft palate/lip

Answer 19

Idiopathic
Genetic
- May run in families
Environmental
- Smoking in first 3 months

Question 20

OT role in cleft palate/lip

Answer 20

Encourage hand to mouth
Don’t know what causes it
Haberman’s bottle: special nipple that goes farther back and points down so that milk doesn’t go out the cleft