Cortical Functions Flashcards

Question

ABI scales for levels of awareness

Answer 1

Ranchos Los Amigos - level of responsiveness - more of a functional scale - Level VIII: walking wounded; impulsive; dangerous * generalized: not intention; recognition of stimulus, but nor appropriate response * localized: specific to stimulus Glasgow Coma Scale - level of awareness

Answer 2

Sudden uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain resulting in convulsions 1. Time it 2. Protect head 3. Make sure they're in a safe place 4. Roll on side (recovery position) AFTER seizure is over 5. Assess vitals * don't restrain them * don't put anything in their mouth

Answer 3

Increased cranial pressure due to cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 4

Failure of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system

Answer 5

Deep vein thrombosis Danger zone = knee

Answer 6

Paralysis, hypo-hyper tone, Ataxia and/or tremors Poor motor planning (cognitive and motor)

Answer 7

Seizure Hydrocephalus Dysautonomia DVT Motor impact Heterotrophic ossification Cognitive, behavioral, and psychological issues

Answer 8

Decorticate - Flexor - Bilateral flexion of elbow and wrist - Deep with brainstem intact Decerebrate - Extensor posture - Extension of elbow and feet (plantarflexion) - May have flexion at wrist - Deep and brainstem is affected Opisthotonos (Severe Decerebrate) - Most severe - Extension of head and pretty much everything else - Clenching of teeth - Arching of back

Answer 9

Brain collides with skull which can cause bruising, torn tissues, and swelling Second impact syndrome: suffering a second concussion before the first one is healed Symptoms - headache - dizziness - confusion - nausea - difficulty hearing and seeing - lack of concentration - feeling slowed down - blurry vision - feeling tired - light sensitivity - irritability - sadness - sleeping more or less than usual

Answer 10

Extradural - usually associated with skull fracture - young patients (20-40) - between dura and skull Subdural - usually associated with TBI - between dura and brain Intracerebral - usually associated with TBI, especially penetrating and shearing injury - inside brain tissue - usually causes permanent damage - shaken baby syndrome

Answer 11

Cases have increased in past decades Primary: started and stays in the brain Secondary: started somewhere else, then traveled to the brain) Malignant/Benign: can grow, but won't spread Metastasize: grows and spreads Symptoms can be any symptoms of strike or ABI Course of treatment: depends on location and type; brain tumor can only be treated with radiation or surgery

Answer 12

Intelligence - Not grades - Prefrontal association areas - Frontal lobotomy: causes loss of ability to learn and freely think - Can be taught but not learn Memory - Amnesia - Types * Immediate: following seizure or concussion * Short term: minutes or days * Long term: lesser past - Explicit or declarative memory: story you can tell - Implicit memory: unconscious, habit * can't recognize their child, but give them a brush and they bring it to their head

Answer 13

Language is mostly on left side of brain. Agnosia: failure to recognize patterns; can be tactile, visual, or auditory * may recognize a bell when it rings, but not when he sees it Aphasia: impairment in listening, speaking, reading, writing, arithmetic, or using appropriate gestures

Answer 14

Fluent aphasia (Wernicke’s) (receptive) - Can produce language, but understanding is limited - Incorrect work or sounds - Inability to name objects, repeat phrases and follow commands - Reading and writing impairments are common Non-Fluent aphasia (Broca’s) (expressive) - Slow, awkward speech, limited vocabulary - Auditory comprehension intact, can follow directions but can’t name objects or repeat phrases - Can often sing or curse or repeat a particular phrase - Agraphia: may be unable to express self in writing Dysarthria: speech disorder characterized by slurred speech, poor articulation, drooling, decreased facial expressions - Motor Oral apraxia: communication problem in which the patient has trouble initiating and sequencing the movements to produce speech - Stutter - Speech impediments Global aphasia: combination of wernicke's and broca's