Intro & SCD Flashcards
What is the OT process?
- Evaluation (which starts with referral)
- You evaluate their patient’s occupations and learn about them through the occupational profile.
- Based on the setting and your skills, ask yourself if you should accept the patient.
- You need background knowledge about the diagnosis to use clinical reasoning to develop an intervention plan that will help the patient function. - Intervention plan
- based on evaluation, diagnosis, and patient desires - Outcomes
- based on the patient’s current performance, did they achieve the appropriate outcome or should you reevaluate
What are the core values of OT?
- altruism
- dignity
- equality
- freedom
- justice
- truth
- prudence
What is altruism?
unselfish concern for the welfare of others (understanding)
ex: listening to the patient’s story even though you’re busy
What is dignity?
valuing worth and uniqueness of each person (empathy and respect)
EX: asking patient about their hobbies
What is equality?
individuals have the same rights and opportunities (fairness and impartiality)
EX: treating all people with no bias
What is freedom?
Allowing clients to have a choice, independence, initiative, and self direction
EX: allowing patient to choose between tasks
What is justice?
upholding moral and legal principles (equity, truth, objectivity)
EX: easy wheelchair access
What is truth?
faithfulness to facts and reality (accountable, honest, accurate)
EX: being honest with patient about likely outcomes
What is prudence?
ability to self govern and discipline
EX: supervising an unstable patient from sitting to standing
What are the 5 domains?
- Occupations
- Performance skills
- Client factors
- Performance patterns
- Contexts and environment
What is clinical reasoning?
the combination of knowledge of body systems and diagnoses, the OT profile, and the setting, combines with the core values of OT
Illness vs Disease
Disease: medical classification; something an organ has
Illness: personal factors, perception of suffering; something a man has
Cassell uses illness to mean “what a patient feels on the way to the doctor” and disease to mean “what a patient has on the way home.”
What are predisposing factors?
- heredity
- CF, some cancers, sickle cell - age
- young: tonsillitis, otitis media (earache)
- old: arthritis, senile dementia - gender
- prostate cancer, osteoporosis, CMC arthritis - environment
- rural vs city, noise, toxins - lifestyle
- diet, alcohol, drugs, stress
Epidemiology
study of the cause and distribution of the disease
Etiology
the cause of disease, agent, or event
- genetics
- acquired
- multifactorial
Pathophysiology
mechanism - what does the disease do? does it destroy or weaken the muscles?
biology
Clinical manifestations
physical signs, patient reports
what the patient tells you
Outcome
expected course of the disease
- prognosis: is the patient going to die in 6 weeks
- actual outcome
- remission: disease is still present but not progressing
Clinical intervention
healthcare professional
Prevention
Identify risk factors and reduce them
Treatment
optimal outcome, often therapy
Precautions
discomfort, injury, death
contraindications: risk outweighs the benefit
- hot pack on shoulder of patient with breast cancer might make shoulder feel better, but can cause the cancer to metastasize
What is sickle cell disease?
A group of inherited (genetic) disorders that impact red blood cells
- abnormal hemoglobin (carries O2)
- normal RBCs live 120 days, are round, soft, and flexible; but with SCD they life 20 days, are sticky, brittle, and crescent shaped which leads to O2 loss, pain, and stoke
Sickle cell inheritance
Each person has a hemoglobin A trait from EACH parent
- If you have one that is the SCT, you are a carrier
- If you have TWO- you have SCD
- If you have NONE- you do not have the trait and cannot have or pass on the disease
