Intellectual Disability

Question 1

What is ID?

Answer 1

Formally called mental retardation
Can stand alone or be part of another disorder
- CP
- Downs
- Fragile X
- Toxemia
Usually from Birth
- Must be in early life
- Can occur with trauma such as domestic abuse, shaken baby syndrome
Diagnosis
- Multi level
- 2 sd
* All percentiles are based on the bell curve.
2 standard deviations beyond the norm, encompasses 45% of population. Once you fall out of the 2 SD, you qualify as intellectually disabled or genius (on other side of spectrum)
- Based on IQ mean of 100
* 70+ is considered legally responsible, not intellectually disabled
- Limits in adaptative behaviors

Question 2

Degrees of mental retardation with IQ

Answer 2

Question 3

Causes of ID

Answer 3

Genetic or Hereditary
- Fragile X
- Tay-Sachs
- Down Syndrome
Environmental
- Prenatal
* maternal infections, low birth weight, poor care, placenta insufficiency
- Perinatal
* O2 loss at birth, meconium aspiration, umbilical cord issues
- Postnatal
* trauma, psychosocial deprivation, infections

Question 4

Other diagnostic considerations for ID

Answer 4

Limitations must impact function as compared to like individuals
Assessments must be valid and consider culture, linguistics, and contextual differences
Limitations may coexist with strengths
While IQ is not likely to improve, with support, FUNCTION is likely to improve
- Training vs Learning

Question 5

Medical and surgical interventions

Answer 5

There are none
Treat accompanying symptoms
- Seizures
- ADHD
Many are on antidepressants/antipsychotics
- Management of behaviors
- Risperidone
- Prozac

Question 6

ID impact on occupational performance

Answer 6