Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Other Diseases > Flashcards

Other Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of peritonitis?

A
  • Underlying GI condition
  • Perforated organ
  • Peritoneal dialysis
  • Ascites
  • TB (rarely)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between localised and generalised peitonitis?

A

Localised due to acute inflam of an organ - hits against body wall

Generalised - irritation of peritoneum due to infection (perforation) or chemical irritation (perforated ulcer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Signs and symptoms of peritonitis

A
  • Rigid abdo
  • Rebound tenderness (when you lift hand quickly - causes more pain - rarely done in practice)
  • Distended abdo (if related to ascietes)
  • Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Invx of peritonitis?

A

Erect CXR

Abdo paracentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Management of peritonitis

A

Resuscitate (NG tube, IV fluids, antibiotics)

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant condition characterised by hamartomatous (bengin?) GI polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigementation - look at pics - wont be nice and symmetrical - will be blotchy (in BAME patients may have racial mucocutaneous hyperpigementation naturally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome bad?

A

93% will devlop cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is EBV and how is EBV spread?

A

Epstein-Barr virus Saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

EBV is normally asymptomatic - if it becomes symptomatic what does it become known as?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Orally how may EBV present?

A

Leukoplakia
Pharyngitis
Tonsilitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is EBV treated?

A

Almost always self-limiting
Rest
Fluids
Analgesias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If EBV is misdiagnosed and a course of antibiotics given, what may appear?

A

Widespread rash which will disappear on withdrawal of antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is EBV diagnosed?

A

Monospot - a test for antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How may EBV present in GI system?

A

Hepatomegaly

Splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is necrotising enterocolitis?

A

GI wall invaded by bacteria in premature babies

bacteria invades wall -> wall necrosis -> bowel contents leak into peritoneum -> peritonitis

17
Q

Symptoms of necrotising entercoloitis?

A

Poor feeding
Abdo distension
Bile stained vomit
Sepsis

18
Q

What are anal fissures?

A

Small tear in anal??

19
Q

Who is most likely to get anal fissures?

A

Very young and old

20
Q

What are two types of anal fissure causes and give 3 examples of each

A

Traumatic

  • Childbirth
  • Anal intercourse
  • Hard stool and straining

Non-traumatic

  • IBD
  • Anal cancers
  • HIV
21
Q

Symptoms of anal fissures? (2)

A

Bright red blood on paper after wiping

Visible small crack on skin

22
Q

When does a fissure become chronic?

A

After 8 weeks

23
Q

Management of anal fissure?

A

Acute -
Topical nitroglycerin or lidocaine - to relax

Surgery - for chronic/recurrent

24
Q

Symptoms of appendictis?

A

Abdo pain - move from umblical to RIF

Signs of infection (fever, tachycardia, nasuea)

25
Q

Signs of appendicits?

A
  • Rovsing (pressing on LIF causes pain on the RIF)

- Psoas (patient keeps right hip flexed)

26
Q

What is McBurneys point and what is it associated with?

A

1/3 of way between ASIS and … ADD

Appendicitis

27
Q

What are 4A’s of appendicular treatment?

A
  • Analgesia (NSAIDS)
  • Antipyretcis (NSAIDS)
  • Antibiotics (normal surgical prophylaxis)
  • Appendectomy
28
Q

What is bowel obstruction?

A

Blockage of bowel leading to

  • accumulation of fluid/gas
  • ischaemia
  • perforation
29
Q

What are the 3 types of bowel obstruction

A

Intraluminal
Luminal
Extraluminal

30
Q

Symptoms of bowel obstruction?

A 
Colicky central abdo pain
Absolute constipation 
Vomiting (more proximal obstrcution - quicker vomiting)
Borborygmus (stomach sounds)
Abdo distension
31
Q

Invx of bowel obstruction (3)

A

Tinkling bowel sounds - big one
AXR followed by contrast CT
ABGs/bloods

32
Q

How to treat bowel obstruction?

A

Drip and suck

  • IV fluids (drip)
  • NG tube (suck)

Analgesia for pain

33
Q

What is ischaemic colitis?

What causes it and where does it most commonly take place?

A

Commonest problem of bowel ischaemia (abdo angina)
ADD

Most commonly due to atherosclerosis

Splenic flexture

34
Q

Who gets ischaemic colitis?

A

More common in elderly
ADD
fat folk - increased pressure by increased fat in abdo

35
Q

Management of ischemic colitis?

A 
Mild cases - self resolve
Major cases (or suspected to pass to true ischemia of bowel)
- embolectomy (bypass of afflicted artery)
- colectomy assorted if area of bowel damaged
36
Q

What is bowel ischemia/infarction? What causes it?

A

Death of colonic tissue due to lack of blood supply

Obstruction or severe narrowing of artery

37
Q

Difference in presentation of acute small bowel ischaemia and ischaemic colitits?

A

Both present with acute abdo pain

Ischaemic colitis will have bloody stool unlike acute small bowel ischaemia

GI (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions