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GI > Gastroenteritis/Microbiology > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis/Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

When do you get bacillus cereus?

A

Due to poor reheating of starchy foods e.g. rice

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2
Q

When do you get staph aureus?

A

Food left at room temp - milk, meat and fish

CREAM CAKE

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of food poisoning and what’s it associated with?

A 
Campylobacter
Raw poultry 
Raw milk (unpasteurised)
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4
Q

What microbe is linked to Guillain Barre syndrome?

A

Camplyocbacter

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5
Q

What is salmonella linked with? (4)

A

Poultry meat
Raw egg
Raw milk
Reptiles

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6
Q

What microbe is associated with contaminated food (salads) and water?

A

Shigella

Shigella = Salads

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7
Q

How does the shigella toxin damage cells?

A

Binds to receptors on cells and inhibit protein synthesis

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8
Q

What microbes produce toxins? (4)

A

E.Coli 0157 -verotoxin
Shigella - shiga toxin
C.diff
Staph aureus

CESS

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9
Q

What microbe must you notify health protection unit for?

A

E.coli O157

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10
Q

What microbes produce toxins?

A

E.Coli 0157 -verotoxin
Shigella - shiga toxin
Staph aureus
C.diff

CESS

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11
Q

What is HUS and what is it associated with?

How will it present?

A

Haemolytic ureamic syndrome - thrombosis formation within the small blood vessels (leads to kidney failure)
E.coli O157
Bloody urine and low urine output

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12
Q

What must be avoided in treatment of gastroenteritis?

A

Antibiotics
Antimotility
NSAIDS
- Precipitates HUS if patient has E.Coli O157

(avoid ANA with gastroenteritis)

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13
Q

Who is most at risk of listeria (the fridge organism) and what is it associated with?

A

Pregnant women and immunocompromised

Soft cheese, deli meats and unpasteurised milk

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14
Q

When are you likely to get C.Diff?

A

After a strong course of hospital antibiotics or on PPIS

anything that lowers the acidity of stomach

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15
Q

Treatment of C.Diff

A 
Non-severe = metronidazole PO (most patients started on this)
Severe = vancomycin + metronidazole
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16
Q

What is the most common cause of WATERY diarrohea in children <3 YO?

A

Rotavirus

17
Q

How do you treat diarrohea?

A

Rehydration always

18
Q

Can you vaccinate against rotavirus/ norovirus?

A

Rotavirus - yes

19
Q

EXPLOSIVE D&V in cruise ships, wards and nursing homes, what’s it likely to be and how long must you stay off work post symptoms?

A

Norovirus
48hrs

N = night -> winter + fireworks (explosive)

20
Q

How do you investigate parasitic, bacterial and viral infections and toxic producing infections?

A

Parastic - microscope
Bacterial - stool culture
Virus - PCR
Toxin producing = stool culture + toxin

21
Q

Someone has been at a BBQ and thought the burgers looked funny. Come down with D&V what is it likely to be?

A

E.coli

Associated with undercooked beef

22
Q

Define diarrohea

A

> 3 unformed stools/day

23
Q

Define dysentry.

What organisms is it commonly associated with?

A

inflammation of intestine causing diarrhoea with blood and mucus
Shigella and campylobacter

24
Q

What commonly causes acute travellers diarrhoea (>3 stools in 24hrs since travel)

A

Enterotoxigenic E.coli (different from E.coli O157)

25
Q

What microorganism causes profuse watery diarrohea sometimes called RICE-WATER STOOLS

A

Cholera - gram -ve bacillus

26
Q

What symptoms would a patient with enteric fever have and where are they likely to have come back from travelling?

A

Fever, headache and abdo discomfort

SE and Indian subcontinent

27
Q

What two organisms can cause enteric fever - how is it diagnosed?

A

Salmonella typhi - worse (typhoid)
Salmonella paratyphi
Blood culture

28
Q

Most common cause of renal failure in children <5 y/o is caused by what?

A

E.coli O157

29
Q

What organisms can cause bloody diarrhoea? (3)

A

Camplyobacter - sometimes
Shigella
E.coli

30
Q

What is commonly referred to as the winter vomiting bug?

A

Norovirus

N = night - winter

31
Q

How do you manage acute traveller’s diarrohea?

A

single dose of ciprofloxacilin

GI (26 decks)

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