Gastroenteritis/Microbiology Flashcards
When do you get bacillus cereus?
Due to poor reheating of starchy foods e.g. rice
When do you get staph aureus?
Food left at room temp - milk, meat and fish
CREAM CAKE
What is the most common cause of food poisoning and what’s it associated with?
Campylobacter Raw poultry Raw milk (unpasteurised)
What microbe is linked to Guillain Barre syndrome?
Camplyocbacter
What is salmonella linked with? (4)
Poultry meat
Raw egg
Raw milk
Reptiles
What microbe is associated with contaminated food (salads) and water?
Shigella
Shigella = Salads
How does the shigella toxin damage cells?
Binds to receptors on cells and inhibit protein synthesis
What microbes produce toxins? (4)
E.Coli 0157 -verotoxin
Shigella - shiga toxin
C.diff
Staph aureus
CESS
What microbe must you notify health protection unit for?
E.coli O157
What microbes produce toxins?
E.Coli 0157 -verotoxin
Shigella - shiga toxin
Staph aureus
C.diff
CESS
What is HUS and what is it associated with?
How will it present?
Haemolytic ureamic syndrome - thrombosis formation within the small blood vessels (leads to kidney failure)
E.coli O157
Bloody urine and low urine output
What must be avoided in treatment of gastroenteritis?
Antibiotics
Antimotility
NSAIDS
- Precipitates HUS if patient has E.Coli O157
(avoid ANA with gastroenteritis)
Who is most at risk of listeria (the fridge organism) and what is it associated with?
Pregnant women and immunocompromised
Soft cheese, deli meats and unpasteurised milk
When are you likely to get C.Diff?
After a strong course of hospital antibiotics or on PPIS
anything that lowers the acidity of stomach
Treatment of C.Diff
Non-severe = metronidazole PO (most patients started on this) Severe = vancomycin + metronidazole
What is the most common cause of WATERY diarrohea in children <3 YO?
Rotavirus
How do you treat diarrohea?
Rehydration always
Can you vaccinate against rotavirus/ norovirus?
Rotavirus - yes
EXPLOSIVE D&V in cruise ships, wards and nursing homes, what’s it likely to be and how long must you stay off work post symptoms?
Norovirus
48hrs
N = night -> winter + fireworks (explosive)
How do you investigate parasitic, bacterial and viral infections and toxic producing infections?
Parastic - microscope
Bacterial - stool culture
Virus - PCR
Toxin producing = stool culture + toxin
Someone has been at a BBQ and thought the burgers looked funny. Come down with D&V what is it likely to be?
E.coli
Associated with undercooked beef
Define diarrohea
> 3 unformed stools/day
Define dysentry.
What organisms is it commonly associated with?
inflammation of intestine causing diarrhoea with blood and mucus
Shigella and campylobacter
What commonly causes acute travellers diarrhoea (>3 stools in 24hrs since travel)
Enterotoxigenic E.coli (different from E.coli O157)
What microorganism causes profuse watery diarrohea sometimes called RICE-WATER STOOLS
Cholera - gram -ve bacillus
What symptoms would a patient with enteric fever have and where are they likely to have come back from travelling?
Fever, headache and abdo discomfort
SE and Indian subcontinent
What two organisms can cause enteric fever - how is it diagnosed?
Salmonella typhi - worse (typhoid)
Salmonella paratyphi
Blood culture
Most common cause of renal failure in children <5 y/o is caused by what?
E.coli O157
What organisms can cause bloody diarrhoea? (3)
Camplyobacter - sometimes
Shigella
E.coli
What is commonly referred to as the winter vomiting bug?
Norovirus
N = night - winter
How do you manage acute traveller’s diarrohea?
single dose of ciprofloxacilin
