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GI > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the GI tract?

A

Mucosa

  • Epithelium
  • Lamina Propria
  • Muscualris mucosae

Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/Adventita

(M,S,M,S)
And ELM tree

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2
Q

Where is the GALT found?

A

Lamina propria

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3
Q

Where is the submucosa plexus found?

A

Submucosa

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4
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus found?

A

Muscularis externa

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5
Q

What epithelium covers the oral cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx and tongue?

A

Stratified squamous epi

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6
Q

What epithelium covers the nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

A

Resp epi

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7
Q

What papillae have no taste buds?

A

Filiform

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8
Q

Name the 4 tonsils

A

Pharyngeal
Palatine
Lingual
Tubal

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9
Q

What is the change in epithelium at the gastro-oesphageal junction?

A

Change from stratified squamous epi -> simple columnar epi

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10
Q

What is the structure of the stomach mucosa

A

Gastric pits and glands
Superior - gastric pit
ISTHMUS
Inferior - gastric pit

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11
Q

What is the function of parietal cells?

A

To produce HCl

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12
Q

What is the function of chief cells?

A

To produce digestive enzymes

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13
Q

What is the function of stem cells?

A

To produce new cells

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14
Q

What is the function of the enteroendocrine cells?

A

Produce hormones to control secretions and motility

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15
Q

What is special about the muscularis externa of the stomach

A

Contains an oblique layer underneath the circular layer

From deep to superfical
Oblique
circular
Longitudinal

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16
Q

What makes the gastroduodenal junction?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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17
Q

What is the structure of the small intestine mucosa?

A

Villi and Crypts of Lieberkuhn

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18
Q

What are enterocytes?

A

Absorptive intestinal cells

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19
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

Mucus producing cells

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20
Q

What are paneth cells?

A

Cells that produce antibacterial properties

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21
Q

What region of the small intestine has plicae circularis?

Describe mucosal changes from jejunum to ileum

A

Jejunum

Jejunum has plicae circularis (folds) gets increasingly smoother as you reach distal ileum

22
Q

What region of the small intestine has Peyer’s Patches?

A

Ileum - aggregates of lymphoid tissue

23
Q

What region of the small intestine has Brunner’s Glands and what are they?

A

Duodenum - glands which secrete alkaline fluid to buffer the highly acidic chyme coming from the stomach

24
Q

What is the structure of the large intestine mucosa?

A

Crypts but no villi (still microvilli/brush border

25
Q

What are the 2 main cell types of the large intestine?

A

Enterocytes

Goblet cells

26
Q

What are the teniae coli?

A

3 bands of longitudinal muscle which run from caceum to sigmoid colon

27
Q

What is present in large amounts in the appendix?

A

Lymphoid tissue

28
Q

What is at the centre of a liver lobule?

A

Central vein

29
Q

What are at the corners of a liver lobule?

A

Portal triad

30
Q

What are the main cells of the liver?

A

Hepatocytes

31
Q

What travels through the sinusoids and where does it go?

A

Blood from hepatic artery and portal vein and runs through sinusoid being “cleaned” into the central vein

32
Q

What are Kuppffer cells?

A

Macrophages found in the sinusoids

33
Q

What is the name for the space between sinusoid and hepatocyte called?

A

Space of Disse

34
Q

What type of cells can be found in the Space of Disse?

A

Hepatic stellate cells - fibroblasts (can create scar tissue when liver undergoes damage)

35
Q

What are the 3 blood vessels supplying/draining the liver?

A

Hepatic artery
Hepatic vein (flow into IVC)
Portal vein

36
Q

What is the opening at the hilum of the liver called?

A

Porta hepatis

37
Q

What 3 vessels make up the portal triad?

A

Hepatic artery
Portal vein
Bile duct

38
Q

What cells produce bile?

A

Hepatocytes

39
Q

What is the function of bile

A

To emulsify fats

40
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder

A

To concentrate and store bile

41
Q

What nerve stimulates contraction of the gallbladder?

A

Vagus nerve

42
Q

What hormone stimulates contraction of the gallbladder?

A

CCK

43
Q

What epi can be found in the gallbladder?

A

Simple columnar epi

44
Q

What is the function of the exocrine pancreas?

A

To produce digestive enzymes

45
Q

What are the secretory/functional cells of the pancreas?

A

Acinar cells

46
Q

What is the function of the zymogen granules?

A

Organelle responsible for

Sorting, packaging and regulation of secretion of digestive enzymes

47
Q

Are the enzymes produced activated or inactivated?

A

Inactivated become activated in the duodenum

48
Q

What is the name for the cells of the intercalated duct that extend into the acinus?

A

Centroacinar cells

49
Q

What is the name for the pacemaker cells of the GI tract and where are they found?

A

Intersital cells of Cajal - in plexus connected to smooth muscle

50
Q

Name the 2 plexuses found in the GI tract and state their location

A

Myentric plexus - muscularsis externa

Submucosal plexus - submucosa

GI (26 decks)

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