Other cardiac dx tests

Question 1

Holter Monitor

Answer 1

• continuous 24 hour EKG monitor
• ordered for detecting and assessing arrhythmias and evaluating effectiveness of antiarrythmic therapy
• in/outpatient

Question 2

Holter Monitor:

PT implications

Answer 2

know results and change trx plan accordingly

Question 3

ECG

Answer 3

• provides ultrasound images of the heart
• allows visualization of abnormal cardiac anatomy
• provides real time images of beating heart
• provides info about blood flow

Question 4

ECG abnormal cardiac findings:

Answer 4

1. Volumes of L ventricle
2. Estimate SV and ECF
3. Analyze motion of valves and heart muscle
4. size of ventricular cavity
5. thickness and integrity of interatrial and intraventricular septa
6. function of valves
   7 motions of individual segments of ventricular wall
7. assessment of performance of heart muscle itself

Question 5

Types of ECG

Answer 5

1. surface/ transthoracic
   transducer moved on skin over heart
2. Transesophageal
   transducer is swallowed
3. Stress
   Imaging done during or after exercise

Question 6

Transesophageal echo

Answer 6

used when image quality is confounded by obesity, chest deformities, pulm disease

Question 7

3D ECG

Answer 7

newest form

displays intracardiac anatomy

Question 8

Contrast ECG

Answer 8

• provides assessment of aortic stenosis, pulmonary vein flow analysis
• improved diagnostic accuracy for myocardial perfusion/ventricular chambers

Question 9

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 9

• DETECTS VIABILITY AND FUNCTION
• measures cardiac metabolism and blood flow of heart
• uses radioactively labeled glucose

Question 10

PET drawbacks

Answer 10

1. requires specialized trx
2. requires highly trained personnel
3. very expensive

Question 11

PET imaging allows for…

Answer 11

quantification and qualification of regional myocardial tracer distribution (areas of underperfusion)

Question 12

T/F: PET detects tissue viability and function

Answer 12

TRUE

function tied to amount of viability of tissue

Question 13

what does Radionuclide perfusion imaging evaluate

Answer 13

1. cardiac perfusion/function at rest and dynamic exercise
2. global and regional LV systolic function
3. blood flow
4. cell membrane integrity

Question 14

Radionuclide perfusion imaging: to be “hot” cells must be…

Answer 14

perfused and metabolic

Question 15

Thalium Stress Test

Answer 15

• cardiac or nuclear stress test

- nuclear imaging stress tests shows how well blood flows in heart w/exercise or at rest

Question 16

MRI used to assess:

Answer 16

1. cardiac anatomy
2. congenital malformations
3. identify masses/thrombi

Question 17

MRIs currently evaluate:

Answer 17

1. valvular disease
2. cardiac shunts
3. cardiac flow
4. CA anatomy
5. contractility

Question 18

Barriers to using an MRI

Answer 18

1. pacemaker
2. artificial joint
3. metallic devices

Question 19

Coronary angiography

Answer 19

XR exam of blood vessels or chambers of heart perfused with a special dye

Question 20

How is a coronary angiogram performed?

Answer 20

1. small catheter inserted into blood vessel in upper thigh or arm
2. tip of tub positioned either in heart or beginning of arteries supplying heart
3. dye injected

Question 21

What can you see using a coronary angiogram?

Answer 21

1. presence and severity of CAD
2. Presence of LV, atrial, pulm vein, and CA dysfunction
3. Presence of valvular heart disease

Question 22

Cardiac Cathetrizaion L Heart:

PT implications

Answer 22

1. due to incision site (femoral artery), bed rest 6-8 hours w/ involved LE straight
2. knee immobilizer to minimize hip FLX
3. monitor for groin hematomas/p!

Question 23

Cardiac Cathetrizaion R Heart:

PT implications

Answer 23

1. incision site generally via external jugular vein = no activity restrictions