Other cardiac dx tests Flashcards
Holter Monitor
- continuous 24 hour EKG monitor
- ordered for detecting and assessing arrhythmias and evaluating effectiveness of antiarrythmic therapy
- in/outpatient
Holter Monitor:
PT implications
know results and change trx plan accordingly
ECG
- provides ultrasound images of the heart
- allows visualization of abnormal cardiac anatomy
- provides real time images of beating heart
- provides info about blood flow
ECG abnormal cardiac findings:
- Volumes of L ventricle
- Estimate SV and ECF
- Analyze motion of valves and heart muscle
- size of ventricular cavity
- thickness and integrity of interatrial and intraventricular septa
- function of valves
7 motions of individual segments of ventricular wall - assessment of performance of heart muscle itself
Types of ECG
- surface/ transthoracic
transducer moved on skin over heart - Transesophageal
transducer is swallowed - Stress
Imaging done during or after exercise
Transesophageal echo
used when image quality is confounded by obesity, chest deformities, pulm disease
3D ECG
newest form
displays intracardiac anatomy
Contrast ECG
- provides assessment of aortic stenosis, pulmonary vein flow analysis
- improved diagnostic accuracy for myocardial perfusion/ventricular chambers
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- DETECTS VIABILITY AND FUNCTION
- measures cardiac metabolism and blood flow of heart
- uses radioactively labeled glucose
PET drawbacks
- requires specialized trx
- requires highly trained personnel
- very expensive
PET imaging allows for…
quantification and qualification of regional myocardial tracer distribution (areas of underperfusion)
T/F: PET detects tissue viability and function
TRUE
function tied to amount of viability of tissue
what does Radionuclide perfusion imaging evaluate
- cardiac perfusion/function at rest and dynamic exercise
- global and regional LV systolic function
- blood flow
- cell membrane integrity
Radionuclide perfusion imaging: to be “hot” cells must be…
perfused and metabolic
Thalium Stress Test
- cardiac or nuclear stress test
- nuclear imaging stress tests shows how well blood flows in heart w/exercise or at rest
MRI used to assess:
- cardiac anatomy
- congenital malformations
- identify masses/thrombi
MRIs currently evaluate:
- valvular disease
- cardiac shunts
- cardiac flow
- CA anatomy
- contractility
Barriers to using an MRI
- pacemaker
- artificial joint
- metallic devices
Coronary angiography
XR exam of blood vessels or chambers of heart perfused with a special dye
How is a coronary angiogram performed?
- small catheter inserted into blood vessel in upper thigh or arm
- tip of tub positioned either in heart or beginning of arteries supplying heart
- dye injected
What can you see using a coronary angiogram?
- presence and severity of CAD
- Presence of LV, atrial, pulm vein, and CA dysfunction
- Presence of valvular heart disease
Cardiac Cathetrizaion L Heart:
PT implications
- due to incision site (femoral artery), bed rest 6-8 hours w/ involved LE straight
- knee immobilizer to minimize hip FLX
- monitor for groin hematomas/p!
Cardiac Cathetrizaion R Heart:
PT implications
- incision site generally via external jugular vein = no activity restrictions
