HTN heart disease Flashcards
Poiseuille’s Law
Q=ΔP X r4
if radius decreases…
resistance to flow increases
blood flow decreases
result: heart works harder
systolic pressure reading
max pressure exerted against wall of blood vessel
diastolic bp reading
minimum pressure exerted against a wall of blood vessel
T/F the heart works when it pumps blood
False
The work done by the heart is fueled by…
consumption of O2
Double Product (DP)
HR x SBP
measurement of O2 consumption
HTN pharmacolgy
- Diuretics
- Beta blockers
- Calcium channel -blockers
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
- Alpha 1 blockers
- Central agents
- Aldosterone receptor blocker
What % of patients take all of their prescribed medication for HTN?
20%
What % of patients take none of their prescribed medication for HTN?
20%
Reasons people stop taking antihypertensive meds?
- Unpleasant side effects (orthostatic hypotension)
- Interference with sexual function (β-blockers)
- Cost
- does not change the way a patient feels
- Increased age
- Gender: women exhibit greater non-adherence
- African American
How does HTN lead to kidney disease?
- uncontrolled HTN causes arteries in glomeruli to narrow, weaken, and harden
- deliever less filtrate to nephron
- kidneys increase water and sodium reabsorption = inc volume = inc BP
- red filtration activates renin-angiotensin cascade (more water and Na reabsorption)
HTN and DM
- chronically elevated glucose reduces glomerular filtration
- kidney responds by reabsorbing more water and Na, increasing volume and BP
essential HTN
no known cause
progressive
HTN and heart disease
- HTN results in cardiac hypertrophy
- causes fibrosis (HFpEF)
- myocyte hypertrophy
- accelerated myocyte death
- Reduced capillarization
- Reduced blood flow
Malignant HTN
> 180/120 mmHg
malignant HTN signs and symptoms
- cough
- anxiety
- chest p!
- blurred vision
- N/V
- SOB
- numbness/weakness in arms/legs/face
- headaches
cor pulmonale
pulmonary heart disease
- enlargement of RV caused by pulmonary HTN
- pulm dysfunction on R side of heart
pulmonary artery pressure
systolic: 20 mmHg
diastolic: 10 mmHg
Mean: 15 mmHg
Pulmonary HTN reading
MAP > 25 mmHg
or
systolic > 35 mmHg
T/F: Cor Pulmonale is typically acute
False
chronic and progressive
Cor Pulmonale symptoms
- chest p!
- fatigue
- BLE edema
- syncope/passing out
Lung diseases associated with cor pulmonale
- COPD
- Diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
- Extensive, persistent atelectasis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary vessel diseases associated with cor pulmonale
pulmonary vascular sclerosis
drug, toxin, XTR induced vascular sclerosis
