HTN heart disease

Question 1

Poiseuille’s Law

Answer 1

Q=ΔP X r4

Question 2

if radius decreases…

Answer 2

resistance to flow increases
blood flow decreases

result: heart works harder

Question 3

systolic pressure reading

Answer 3

max pressure exerted against wall of blood vessel

Question 4

diastolic bp reading

Answer 4

minimum pressure exerted against a wall of blood vessel

Question 5

T/F the heart works when it pumps blood

Answer 5

False

Question 6

The work done by the heart is fueled by…

Answer 6

consumption of O2

Question 7

Double Product (DP)

Answer 7

HR x SBP

measurement of O2 consumption

Question 8

HTN pharmacolgy

Answer 8

• Diuretics
• Beta blockers
• Calcium channel -blockers
• Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
• Alpha 1 blockers
• Central agents
• Aldosterone receptor blocker

Question 9

What % of patients take all of their prescribed medication for HTN?

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

What % of patients take none of their prescribed medication for HTN?

Answer 10

20%

Question 11

Reasons people stop taking antihypertensive meds?

Answer 11

1. Unpleasant side effects (orthostatic hypotension)
2. Interference with sexual function (β-blockers)
3. Cost
4. does not change the way a patient feels
5. Increased age
6. Gender: women exhibit greater non-adherence
7. African American

Question 12

How does HTN lead to kidney disease?

Answer 12

1. uncontrolled HTN causes arteries in glomeruli to narrow, weaken, and harden
2. deliever less filtrate to nephron
3. kidneys increase water and sodium reabsorption = inc volume = inc BP
4. red filtration activates renin-angiotensin cascade (more water and Na reabsorption)

Question 13

HTN and DM

Answer 13

• chronically elevated glucose reduces glomerular filtration

- kidney responds by reabsorbing more water and Na, increasing volume and BP

Question 14

essential HTN

Answer 14

no known cause

progressive

Question 15

HTN and heart disease

Answer 15

• HTN results in cardiac hypertrophy
• causes fibrosis (HFpEF)
• myocyte hypertrophy
• accelerated myocyte death
• Reduced capillarization
• Reduced blood flow

Question 16

Malignant HTN

Answer 16

> 180/120 mmHg

Question 17

malignant HTN signs and symptoms

Answer 17

• cough
• anxiety
• chest p!
• blurred vision
• N/V
• SOB
• numbness/weakness in arms/legs/face
• headaches

Question 18

cor pulmonale

Answer 18

pulmonary heart disease

• enlargement of RV caused by pulmonary HTN
• pulm dysfunction on R side of heart

Question 19

pulmonary artery pressure

Answer 19

systolic: 20 mmHg
diastolic: 10 mmHg
Mean: 15 mmHg

Question 20

Pulmonary HTN reading

Answer 20

MAP > 25 mmHg
or
systolic > 35 mmHg

Question 21

T/F: Cor Pulmonale is typically acute

Answer 21

False

chronic and progressive

Question 22

Cor Pulmonale symptoms

Answer 22

1. chest p!
2. fatigue
3. BLE edema
4. syncope/passing out

Question 23

Lung diseases associated with cor pulmonale

Answer 23

1. COPD
2. Diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
3. Extensive, persistent atelectasis
4. Cystic fibrosis
5. Pulmonary embolism

Question 24

Pulmonary vessel diseases associated with cor pulmonale

Answer 24

pulmonary vascular sclerosis

drug, toxin, XTR induced vascular sclerosis

Question 25

disorders affecting chest wall movement (affect cor pulmonale)

Answer 25

1. kyphoscoliosis
2. marked obesity
3. neuromuscular disease

Question 26

Diseases inducing pulmonary arteriolar constriction

Answer 26

Hypoxemia from:

• airway obstruction
• hypoventilation
• chronic altitude sickness