Other Bacteria - Mycology Flashcards by Marlon Turaja

Associated with buttery colonies with musty odor due to indole production

Pasteurella multicoda

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Bacteria that comprises the Zoonoses

Brucella abortus - cows
Francisella tularensis - rabbits
Yersinia pestis - rodents
Pasteurella multocida - cats and dogs

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Medium for growing M.tuberculosis

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Luciferase assay for drug resistance

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Most important virulence factor of M.tuberculosis since it prevents leukocyte migration

Cord factor

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Known to be most virulent bacteria

Yersenia pestis - transmitted through flea bite, rod with safety-pin appearance. Reservior wild rodents

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Staining for M.tuberculosis

Acid-fast stain
Ziehl-Neelsen (heat)
Kinyoun (cold)

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Predilection of primary complex

Usually in middle or lower lobes

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Refers to radiologically detectable calcification in tuberculosis

Ranke’s complex

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Virulence factor of M.tuberculosis that prevents phagosome lysosomal fusion

Sulfatides

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Also known as subpleural granuloma

Ghons focus

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Predilection of reactivated Tuberculosis

Usually in apices - Simon’s focus

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Where can we culture M.leprae

Mouse footpad or armadillo

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Refers to Ghon’s focus + lymph node

Ghon’s complex

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Treatment for WHO category I TB patients

2HRZE initiation

4HR continuation

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Leprosy: associated with marked tissue destruction

Lepromatous leprosy

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Most common extrapulmonary TB presentation

Scrofula

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Leprosy: associated with many lesions

Lepromatous leprosy

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When to consider PTB suspect?

Cough equal or greater than two weeks, WITH or WITHOUT local and constitutional symptoms.

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Leprosy: associated with many acid-fast bacilli

Lepromatous leprosy

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Smallest free living microorganism

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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Transmission of M.leprae

Prolonged exposure to nasal secretions of patients with the lepromatous form

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Leprosy: associated with leone facies and erythema nodusom leprosum

Lepromatous leprosy

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Associated with walking pneumonia. And the most common type of atypical pneumonia

M.pneumoniae

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Weakly acid fast stain used for Nocardia asteroides

Fite-Faraco stain

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Most common bacterial cause of Steven Johnson syndrome

M.pneumoniae

Causes CHANCROID

H.ducreyi - and it is painful

Leprosy: positive for Lepromin Skin test

Tuberculoid leprosy

Infection that may manifest as mycetomas and lung and brain abscesses (orange colonies)

Nocardia asteriodes

Type of syphilis that usually occurs 1-3months after. Manifest as condylomata lata, maculopapular rash fever or headache

Secondary Syphilis

Drug of choice for M.pneumoniae

Erythromycin or Azithromycin (macrolide)

Type of syphilis that usually occurs many years after inoculation. Associated with gummas, neurosyphilis and aortitis

Tertiary Syphilis

Congenital condition that presents with snuffles, mulberry molars, hutchinson triad, saber shins, rhagades, Clutton's joint, pulmonary hemorrhages and Higoumenakis sign

Congenital Syphilis - Higoumenakis sign is a unilateral enlargement of the sternoclavicular portion of the clavicle

Flu like Reaction after fee hours of receiving Penicillin due to lysis of Trepanemes

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

Largest medically important bacteria

Borrelia burgdoferi

Transmission of B.burgdorferi

Deer ticks bite - Ixodes scapularis

Bacteria that are associated with Ixodes scapularis

Borrelia burgdorferi | Babesia microti

Causative agent of syphillis

Treponema pallidum

Stage of Lyme disease that presents with erythema chronicum migrans

Stage I

Syphilis that manifest as local, nontender CHANCRE

Primary Syphilis

Conditions that causes acrodermatitis?

Lyme disease - acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans | Zinc deficiency - acrodermatitis enterohepatica

Treatment of choice for Relapsing fever

Due to Borrelia recurrentis due to programmed rearrangements | TX is Tetracycline or Erythromycin -

Disease caused by B.burgdoferi

Lyme disease

Growth media for L.interrogans

Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris medium or Fletcher's medium

Culture medium for B.burgdorferi

BSK medium

Most severe form of Leptospirosis

Weil disease - triad of jaundice, bleeding and uremia. Orange cost skin

Obligate aerobe that has the appearance of Shepherd's Crook

Leptospira interrogans

Leptospirosis phase that may presents with glomerulonephritis, aseptic meningitis and hepatic necrosis

Immune Leptospiruric phase

May present with Bells palsy, arthritis, cardiac block and erythema chronicum migrans

Lyme disease

Most important symptom of patients with Leptospirosis

Calf tenderness

Chlamydia trachomatis is grown using what medium

Cycloheximide culture

Infectious for. If Chlamydia

Elementary body

Reproductive active form of Chlamydia

Reticulate body

Most common STD overall

Chlamydia

Refers to round to oval cytoplasmic inclusion bodies near the nuclei of conjunctival epithelial cells in trachoma

Halberstadter-Prowazek inclusions

Type of Chlamydia associated with genital tract infections

Types D-K, while Types A-C are associated with Trachoma

Birth complications of Chlamydia

Neonatal conjunctivitis | Neonatal pneumonia - staccato cough

Caused by C.trachomatis types L1-L3, presenting with papule or vesicular which ulcerates and leads to suppurative inguinal lymphadenitis (buboes)

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Test for Lymphogranuloma venereum

Frei test

Causes atypical pneumonia and associated with atherosclerosis

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Disease cause by C.psittaci due to bird exposure

Bird Fancier's disease

Test to detect antirickettsial antibodies in patients serum by agglutination of the Proteus organism

Weil-Felix test

Drug of choice for rickettsial infection

Doxycycline

Causes cat-scratch disease

Bartonella henselae

Facultative gram-variable rod, causes bacterial vaginosis, presents with clue cells and positive for Whiff test

Gardnerella vaginalis - malodorous vaginal discharge

Causes painful genital ulcer

Haemophilus ducreyi - causes chancroid

Gram negative rod that causes mesenteric adenitis (pseudoappendicitis)

Yersinia enterocolitica

Causes granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)

Klebsiella granulomatosis

Major membrane sterol of fungi

Ergosterol

Two basic forms of fungi

Yeast and mold

Toxin of Aspergillus flavus that causes liver cancer after ingestion of contaminated peanuts and grains

Aflatoxin

Growth agar for fungi

Sabouraud's agar

Three important dermatophytes - infect only superficial keratinized structures

Microsporum canis Trichophyton tonsurans Epidermophyton floccosum

Diagnosis of Dermatophytoses could be done using?

10% KOH - septate hyphae Sabourauds agar - hyphae and conidia Green fluorescence on Wood lamp

Fungi that causes tinea vesicolor or an-an

Malassezia furfur - treatment with miconazole

Appearance of M.furfur in 10%KOH

Spaghetti and meatballs appearance

Causes Sporotrichosis or Gardeners disease

Sporothrix schenckii - treatment: Itraconazole or potassium iodide

Causes Valley fever - an influenza like illness with arthralgia, erythema nodusom and may have meningitis due to inhalation of arthrospores. Very common among Filipinos living in Latin America

Coccidioides immitis - systemic mycoses, treated with Amphotericin B or Itraconazole

Causes Histoplasmosis, associated with bird droppings (starlings) or bat guano. Closely mimic tuberculosis. And may cause tongue ulceration in AIDS patient

Histoplasma capsulatum - treated with Amphotericin B or Itraconazole

Two great mimickers of PTB

Histoplasmosis | Paragonimos

Most common cause of fungal pneumonia. Endemic to eastern North America

Blastomyces dermatitidis - treated with Itraconazole and Amphotericin B in severe infection

Causes pneumonia and painful ulcers on mouth and nose. Restricted to Central and South America. A dimophic fungus in wheel configuration (marine's wheel)

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis - treated with Itraconazole

Causes pseudomembranous esophagitis

Candida albicans

Causes oral thrush and vulvovaginitis (curd-like discharged) in immunocompetent individuals

Candida albicans

Treatment for disseminated Candidiasis

Amphotericin B Clotrimazole - for skin infection Nystatin - oropharyngeal and esophageal

Species of Paracoccidioides that is more common in males due to protective property estrogen in females

P.lutzii

Causes asymptomatic lung infection but meningoencephalitis in HIv patients. Associated with birds especially pigeon droppings

Cyrotococcus neoformans - DOC: amphotericin B and Flucytosine

Septate hyphae that forms V-shaped. Associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Fungus ball (aspergilloma) in lung cavities

Aspergillus fumigatus - treatment Amphotericin B

Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jeroveci can be made using?

BAL washing : toluidine blue, methenamine silver stain

Mist common AIDs defining illness

P.jeroveci at CD4<200 treated with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

Culture medium for M.pneumoniae

Eaton medium

Leptospirosis has a ____ lesion in CXR

Snow-flake lesion

Gold standard for detection of Leptospira

Leptospire microscopic agglutination test (lepto MAT)