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Gram Negaive Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Condition with dissemination of meningococci into the bloodstream resulting to multiorgan damage, consumptive coagulopathy, petechial or purpuric rash

A

Meningococcemia

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2
Q

Vaccine for N.meningitidis uses what strain?

A

Strains A,C,Y and W-135

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3
Q

Most common cause of urethritis

A

Gonococcal urethritis - gram negative, diplococci. Ferment glucose only

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4
Q

Most common cause of meningitis among aged 2-18 years

A

N.meningitidis - gram negative, kidney shaped diplococci

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6
Q

Purulent conjunctivitis in newborn associated with N.gonorrhoeae

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum - give Crede’s prophylaxis

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7
Q

Common cause of PID

A

N.gonorrhoeae

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8
Q

HACEK organisms

A 
Haemophilus aphrophilus
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae
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9
Q

Phenomenon created by Hib around S.aureus colonies

A

Satellite phenomenon

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10
Q

Most severe form of meningococcemia with bilateral hemorrhagic destruction of the adrenal glands

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

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11
Q

Organisms that causes subacute bacterial endocarditis in patients with preexisting heart disease

A

Eikenella corrodens and Kingella kingae

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12
Q

Treatment for N.meningitidis?

A

Penicillin G, alternative Ceftriaxone

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13
Q

Caused by Parainfluenza virus type 1 and 2, with the classic Steeple sign

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis - croup

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14
Q

Treatment for Hib

A

Ceftriaxone

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16
Q

Complication of PID that shows a violin-string adhesions

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

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17
Q

Agar for Hib

A

Chocolate agar with factor X and V for growth

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18
Q

Growth Medium for Bordetella pertusis

A

Bordet-Gengou agar or Regan-Lowe charcoal medium

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19
Q

Agar for Legionella

A

Charcoal yeast extract agar

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20
Q

Gram negative rods on the respiratory

A

Hib
B.pertussis
L.pneumophila

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21
Q

Another name of Pertusis? Presenting with paroxysmal pattern of hacking coughs, accompanied by production of copious amounts of mucus that end with an inspiratory cough

A

Tuspirina

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22
Q

Drug of choice for Legionella

A

Azithromycin or Erythromycin

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23
Q

Treatment for Pertussis

A

Erythromycin

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24
Q

Common cause of epiglottitis, acute airway disease - cherry red epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae - classic thumb sign

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25
Q

E.coli are lactose-fermenting colonies in what type of agar?

A

EMB or MacConkey’s agar - green sheen on EMB due to high lactase fermentation

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26
Q

Special stain for Legionella

A

Silver stain

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27
Treatment for N.gonorrhoeae infection
Ceftriaxone with Doxycycline due to frequent co-infection with C.trachomatis
28
Causes of atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia
29
Toxin of the E.coli that has a shiga like property causes bloody diarrhea
Verotoxin
30
Most common cause of community-acquired UTI
E.coli
31
Second most common cause of neonatal meningitis, 1st in the Phils
E.coli
32
Strain of E.coli also known as Montezuma's Revenge or Delhi Belly
Enterotoxigenic E.coli - ETEC causes watery diarrhea
33
Strain of E.coli that causes watery diarrhea of long duration common usually in pediatric patients
Enteropathogenic E.coli - EPEC
34
Strain of E.coli that causes hemorrhagic colitis and Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Enterohemolytic E.coli - EHEC
35
Strain of E.coli that also presents with bloody diarrhea
Enteroinvasive E.coli - EIEC
36
Strain of E.coli that causes persistent watery diarrhea in children and patients infected with HIV
Enteroadherent E.coli - EAEC
37
Causes microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
HUS
38
Treatment for E.coli infectin
Ampicillin or sulfonamides for UTI | 3rd cephalosporins for meningitis and sepsis
39
Enterohemorrhagic strain of E.coli classificatin
E.coli 0157:H7
40
Salmonella uses what test for antibodies in patients serum
Widal's test
41
Salmonella and Shigella are cultured using what agar?
XLD medium - xylose-lysine-deoxycholate
42
Condition caused by S.typhi by multiplying in Peyer's patches and spread to reticuloendothelial system
Typhoid Fever
43
Chronic carrier state of Typhoid fever is due to?
Predilection for invasion of the gallbladder
44
Causes bacteremia commonly in patients with sickle cell anemia or cancer with osteomyelitis, pneumonia and meningitis as most common sequelae
S.choleraesuis
45
Enterocolitis are common among what species of Salmonella
S.enteriditis and S.typhimurium
46
Urine culture of S.typhi is usually positive on what week?
Week 2, together with rose spots and bone marrow culture
47
Week of complication for S.typhi
Week 3 - stool culture is indicated at this week
48
Culture of what? At week 1 for S.typhi will yield a positive result
Blood culture - patient may present with relative bradycardia
49
Causes typhoid psychosis
Salmonella cerebritis
50
Treatment for Salmonella infection
Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin | In Phils.: amoxicillin, chloramphenicol or cotrimoxazole
51
Patient came in due to fever and abdominal cramps, followed by diarrhea, initially watery then bloody. Diarrhea resolves in 3 days. Culture is positive for s gram negative rod, nonmotile. Causative agent?
Shigella sp. - do not produce H2S, cultured in XLD medium
52
Most common cause of bacillary dysentery
Shigella sonnei - Duval's bacillus
53
Most severe form of bacillary dysentery. Most common cause of epidemic dysentery - bloody diarrhea
Shigella dysenteriae type 1 - Shiga bacillus
54
Group A - also known Shigella dysenteriae type 2
Schmitz bacillus
55
Group B also known as Flexner's bacillus, Hiss and Russell's bacillus
Shigella flexneri
56
Also known as Newcastle Manchester bacillus
Group C - Shigella boydii
57
Also known as Group D Shigella
Shigella sonnei - Duval's bacillus
58
Treatment for Shigella infection
Fluid and electrolyte replacement Ciprofloxin in severe cases Nalidixic acid in pediatric patients
59
Patient came in due to cardiac and renal failure with non-gap acidosis and hypokalemia after few days of having watery diarrhea in large volumes. Rice-water stools as described. Causative agent?
Vibrio cholerae - comma-shaped gram-negative rod
60
Culture media for Vibrio spp.
Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS)
61
Motility of Vibrio
Shooting star motility
62
Treatment for Cholera
Tetracycline or Azithromycin
63
Patient came in due to watery, foul smelling diarrhea followed by bloody stools, fever and severe abdominal pain. Last intake was chicken. Most likely bacterial cause?
Campylobacter jejuni - associated with undercooked chicken, it mimic ulcerative colitis
64
Growth medium for C.jejuni
Skirrows agar - Campy medium with antibiotics
65
Test to detect H.pylori
EGD with biopsy showing H.pylori | Urease breath test, H.pylori stool antigen to document cure
66
Associated with air-conditioning unit or any aerosol from the water source. No person to person transmission
Legionella pneumophila
67
C.jejuni is associated with what syndrome due to antigenic cross-reactivity between oligosaccharides in bacterial capsule and glycosphingolipids on surface of neural tissues
Guillain-Barre syndrome
68
Mild flulike symptoms due to Legionella
Pontiac fever
69
Diseases associated with H.pylori
Peptic ulcer disease Gastric carcinoma MALT lymphomas
70
Traid of Reiter syndrome
Urethritis, uveitis and arthritis
71
Most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis
C.jejuni
73
Antimicrobial agents used for eradication of H.pylori infection
Clarithromycin Metronidazole Amoxicillin
74
Microaerophilic, curved gram-negative rods, positive for Urease
Urease positive bacteria
75
Alcoholic patient came in due to upper respiratory infection associated with a currant jelly sputum. Most likely agent?
Klebsiella pneumoniae - gram-negative rods with large polysacchride capsule. Urease-positive
76
Common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics
K.pneumoniae - although usually nosocomial
77
Treatment for K.pneumoniae
Culture guided treatment (cephalosporins alone with aminoglycosides)
78
Presents with a swarming motility, non-lactose fermenting, urease positive
Proteus mirabilis
79
Stones associated with Proteus mirabilis
Struvite stones
80
Struvite stones composed of?
Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphate
81
Treatment for Proteus mirabilis
TMP-SMX or ampicillin | Surgery for large stones
82
Causes ventilator acquired pneumonia, and high risk CAP
P.mirabilis
83
C.jejuni associated with a syndrome that causes reactive arthritis
Reiter syndrome
84
Blue-green pigment of P.aeruginosa is due to?
Pyocyanin
85
Growth agar for P.aeruginosa
Cetrimide agar
86
Condition due to P.mirabilis presenting with hemorrhagic lesions
Ecthyma gangrenosum
87
Most common cause of Otitis externa
P.mirabilis - causes malignant otitis externa in diabetics and chronic suppurative otitis media
88
Antipseudomonal penicillins
Ticarcillin, Piperacillin
89
Treatment for B.fragilis
Metronidazole, clindamycin or Cefoxitin
90
Treatment for C.jejuni infection
Symptomatic treatment | May use Erythromycin for severe diseases
91
Bacterial spread to blood or peritoneum during bowel trauma, perforation or surgery
Bacteroides fragilis - anaerobic gram-negative rods, associated with foul - smelling discharges
92
Urease positive bacteria
Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella pneumoniae Helicobacter pylori Ureaplasma urealyticum
93
Associated with hot tub folliculitis and green nail syndrome
Proteus mirabilis - obligate aerobe, non lactose fermenting, sweet grape-like odor
94
Third generation cephalosporins used for P.mirabilis
Ceftazidime
95
At what phase or stage of Pertussis perfect for collection of blood samples
Catarrhal phase
96
Third most common cause of nosocomial UTIs
P.mirabilis

Microbiology (8 decks)

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