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Microbiology > Gram Negaive Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Negaive Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Condition with dissemination of meningococci into the bloodstream resulting to multiorgan damage, consumptive coagulopathy, petechial or purpuric rash

A

Meningococcemia

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2
Q

Vaccine for N.meningitidis uses what strain?

A

Strains A,C,Y and W-135

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3
Q

Most common cause of urethritis

A

Gonococcal urethritis - gram negative, diplococci. Ferment glucose only

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4
Q

Most common cause of meningitis among aged 2-18 years

A

N.meningitidis - gram negative, kidney shaped diplococci

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6
Q

Purulent conjunctivitis in newborn associated with N.gonorrhoeae

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum - give Crede’s prophylaxis

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7
Q

Common cause of PID

A

N.gonorrhoeae

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8
Q

HACEK organisms

A 
Haemophilus aphrophilus
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae
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9
Q

Phenomenon created by Hib around S.aureus colonies

A

Satellite phenomenon

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10
Q

Most severe form of meningococcemia with bilateral hemorrhagic destruction of the adrenal glands

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

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11
Q

Organisms that causes subacute bacterial endocarditis in patients with preexisting heart disease

A

Eikenella corrodens and Kingella kingae

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12
Q

Treatment for N.meningitidis?

A

Penicillin G, alternative Ceftriaxone

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13
Q

Caused by Parainfluenza virus type 1 and 2, with the classic Steeple sign

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis - croup

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14
Q

Treatment for Hib

A

Ceftriaxone

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16
Q

Complication of PID that shows a violin-string adhesions

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

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17
Q

Agar for Hib

A

Chocolate agar with factor X and V for growth

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18
Q

Growth Medium for Bordetella pertusis

A

Bordet-Gengou agar or Regan-Lowe charcoal medium

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19
Q

Agar for Legionella

A

Charcoal yeast extract agar

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20
Q

Gram negative rods on the respiratory

A

Hib
B.pertussis
L.pneumophila

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21
Q

Another name of Pertusis? Presenting with paroxysmal pattern of hacking coughs, accompanied by production of copious amounts of mucus that end with an inspiratory cough

A

Tuspirina

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22
Q

Drug of choice for Legionella

A

Azithromycin or Erythromycin

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23
Q

Treatment for Pertussis

A

Erythromycin

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24
Q

Common cause of epiglottitis, acute airway disease - cherry red epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae - classic thumb sign

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25
Q

E.coli are lactose-fermenting colonies in what type of agar?

A

EMB or MacConkey’s agar - green sheen on EMB due to high lactase fermentation

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26
Q

Special stain for Legionella

A

Silver stain

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27
Q

Treatment for N.gonorrhoeae infection

A

Ceftriaxone with Doxycycline due to frequent co-infection with C.trachomatis

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28
Q

Causes of atypical pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia

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29
Q

Toxin of the E.coli that has a shiga like property causes bloody diarrhea

A

Verotoxin

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30
Q

Most common cause of community-acquired UTI

A

E.coli

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31
Q

Second most common cause of neonatal meningitis, 1st in the Phils

A

E.coli

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32
Q

Strain of E.coli also known as Montezuma’s Revenge or Delhi Belly

A

Enterotoxigenic E.coli - ETEC causes watery diarrhea

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33
Q

Strain of E.coli that causes watery diarrhea of long duration common usually in pediatric patients

A

Enteropathogenic E.coli - EPEC

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34
Q

Strain of E.coli that causes hemorrhagic colitis and Hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

Enterohemolytic E.coli - EHEC

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35
Q

Strain of E.coli that also presents with bloody diarrhea

A

Enteroinvasive E.coli - EIEC

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36
Q

Strain of E.coli that causes persistent watery diarrhea in children and patients infected with HIV

A

Enteroadherent E.coli - EAEC

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37
Q

Causes microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

A

HUS

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38
Q

Treatment for E.coli infectin

A

Ampicillin or sulfonamides for UTI

3rd cephalosporins for meningitis and sepsis

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39
Q

Enterohemorrhagic strain of E.coli classificatin

A

E.coli 0157:H7

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40
Q

Salmonella uses what test for antibodies in patients serum

A

Widal’s test

41
Q

Salmonella and Shigella are cultured using what agar?

A

XLD medium - xylose-lysine-deoxycholate

42
Q

Condition caused by S.typhi by multiplying in Peyer’s patches and spread to reticuloendothelial system

A

Typhoid Fever

43
Q

Chronic carrier state of Typhoid fever is due to?

A

Predilection for invasion of the gallbladder

44
Q

Causes bacteremia commonly in patients with sickle cell anemia or cancer with osteomyelitis, pneumonia and meningitis as most common sequelae

A

S.choleraesuis

45
Q

Enterocolitis are common among what species of Salmonella

A

S.enteriditis and S.typhimurium

46
Q

Urine culture of S.typhi is usually positive on what week?

A

Week 2, together with rose spots and bone marrow culture

47
Q

Week of complication for S.typhi

A

Week 3 - stool culture is indicated at this week

48
Q

Culture of what? At week 1 for S.typhi will yield a positive result

A

Blood culture - patient may present with relative bradycardia

49
Q

Causes typhoid psychosis

A

Salmonella cerebritis

50
Q

Treatment for Salmonella infection

A

Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin

In Phils.: amoxicillin, chloramphenicol or cotrimoxazole

51
Q

Patient came in due to fever and abdominal cramps, followed by diarrhea, initially watery then bloody. Diarrhea resolves in 3 days. Culture is positive for s gram negative rod, nonmotile. Causative agent?

A

Shigella sp. - do not produce H2S, cultured in XLD medium

52
Q

Most common cause of bacillary dysentery

A

Shigella sonnei - Duval’s bacillus

53
Q

Most severe form of bacillary dysentery. Most common cause of epidemic dysentery - bloody diarrhea

A

Shigella dysenteriae type 1 - Shiga bacillus

54
Q

Group A - also known Shigella dysenteriae type 2

A

Schmitz bacillus

55
Q

Group B also known as Flexner’s bacillus, Hiss and Russell’s bacillus

A

Shigella flexneri

56
Q

Also known as Newcastle Manchester bacillus

A

Group C - Shigella boydii

57
Q

Also known as Group D Shigella

A

Shigella sonnei - Duval’s bacillus

58
Q

Treatment for Shigella infection

A

Fluid and electrolyte replacement
Ciprofloxin in severe cases
Nalidixic acid in pediatric patients

59
Q

Patient came in due to cardiac and renal failure with non-gap acidosis and hypokalemia after few days of having watery diarrhea in large volumes. Rice-water stools as described. Causative agent?

A

Vibrio cholerae - comma-shaped gram-negative rod

60
Q

Culture media for Vibrio spp.

A

Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS)

61
Q

Motility of Vibrio

A

Shooting star motility

62
Q

Treatment for Cholera

A

Tetracycline or Azithromycin

63
Q

Patient came in due to watery, foul smelling diarrhea followed by bloody stools, fever and severe abdominal pain. Last intake was chicken. Most likely bacterial cause?

A

Campylobacter jejuni - associated with undercooked chicken, it mimic ulcerative colitis

64
Q

Growth medium for C.jejuni

A

Skirrows agar - Campy medium with antibiotics

65
Q

Test to detect H.pylori

A

EGD with biopsy showing H.pylori

Urease breath test, H.pylori stool antigen to document cure

66
Q

Associated with air-conditioning unit or any aerosol from the water source. No person to person transmission

A

Legionella pneumophila

67
Q

C.jejuni is associated with what syndrome due to antigenic cross-reactivity between oligosaccharides in bacterial capsule and glycosphingolipids on surface of neural tissues

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

68
Q

Mild flulike symptoms due to Legionella

A

Pontiac fever

69
Q

Diseases associated with H.pylori

A

Peptic ulcer disease
Gastric carcinoma
MALT lymphomas

70
Q

Traid of Reiter syndrome

A

Urethritis, uveitis and arthritis

71
Q

Most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis

A

C.jejuni

73
Q

Antimicrobial agents used for eradication of H.pylori infection

A

Clarithromycin
Metronidazole
Amoxicillin

74
Q

Microaerophilic, curved gram-negative rods, positive for Urease

A

Urease positive bacteria

75
Q

Alcoholic patient came in due to upper respiratory infection associated with a currant jelly sputum. Most likely agent?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae - gram-negative rods with large polysacchride capsule. Urease-positive

76
Q

Common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics

A

K.pneumoniae - although usually nosocomial

77
Q

Treatment for K.pneumoniae

A

Culture guided treatment (cephalosporins alone with aminoglycosides)

78
Q

Presents with a swarming motility, non-lactose fermenting, urease positive

A

Proteus mirabilis

79
Q

Stones associated with Proteus mirabilis

A

Struvite stones

80
Q

Struvite stones composed of?

A

Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphate

81
Q

Treatment for Proteus mirabilis

A

TMP-SMX or ampicillin

Surgery for large stones

82
Q

Causes ventilator acquired pneumonia, and high risk CAP

A

P.mirabilis

83
Q

C.jejuni associated with a syndrome that causes reactive arthritis

A

Reiter syndrome

84
Q

Blue-green pigment of P.aeruginosa is due to?

A

Pyocyanin

85
Q

Growth agar for P.aeruginosa

A

Cetrimide agar

86
Q

Condition due to P.mirabilis presenting with hemorrhagic lesions

A

Ecthyma gangrenosum

87
Q

Most common cause of Otitis externa

A

P.mirabilis - causes malignant otitis externa in diabetics and chronic suppurative otitis media

88
Q

Antipseudomonal penicillins

A

Ticarcillin, Piperacillin

89
Q

Treatment for B.fragilis

A

Metronidazole, clindamycin or Cefoxitin

90
Q

Treatment for C.jejuni infection

A

Symptomatic treatment

May use Erythromycin for severe diseases

91
Q

Bacterial spread to blood or peritoneum during bowel trauma, perforation or surgery

A

Bacteroides fragilis - anaerobic gram-negative rods, associated with foul - smelling discharges

92
Q

Urease positive bacteria

A

Proteus mirabilis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Helicobacter pylori
Ureaplasma urealyticum

93
Q

Associated with hot tub folliculitis and green nail syndrome

A

Proteus mirabilis - obligate aerobe, non lactose fermenting, sweet grape-like odor

94
Q

Third generation cephalosporins used for P.mirabilis

A

Ceftazidime

95
Q

At what phase or stage of Pertussis perfect for collection of blood samples

A

Catarrhal phase

96
Q

Third most common cause of nosocomial UTIs

A

P.mirabilis

Microbiology (8 decks)

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