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Microbiology > Infection Biology > Flashcards

Infection Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Can cause disease only in immunocompromised people

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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1
Q

Microbes that can cause disease

A

Pathogens

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2
Q

Measure of microbe’s ability to cause virulence

A

Virulence

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3
Q

Number of organisms required to cause disease in 50% of the population

A

ID50

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4
Q

Mechanisms of bacterial disease

A
  1. Production of toxins

2. Induction of inflammation

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5
Q

Refers to inanimate object that can harbor pathogens

A

Fomites

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6
Q

Surface proteins of Salmonella and E.coli that mediate binding to endothelium and to extracellular proteins such as fibronectin

A

Curli

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7
Q

Enzymes in bacterial invasion that spread through subcutaneous tissue

A

Collagenase and hyaluronidase

Hyaluronidase - is a spreading factor

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8
Q

Bacterial enzyme that accelerates formation of a fibrin clot coating the organisms with a layer of fibrin

A

Coagulase

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9
Q

Bacterial enzyme that allows adherence to mucous membranes

A

IgA protease

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10
Q

Bacterial enzyme that destroys both neutrophilic leukocytes and macrophages

A

Leukocidin - leukocidal

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11
Q

Bacteria with IgA protease

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
N.meningitides
N.gonorrhoeae

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12
Q

Toxin with low toxicity, low antigenicity with no available vaccine

A

Endotoxin

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13
Q

Toxins that are destroyed rapidly at 60oC except Staphylococcal enterotoxin

A

Exotoxin

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14
Q

The active subunit of exotoxin, less toxic in toxoids

A

A subunit

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15
Q

Binding subunit of exotoxin

A

B subunit

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16
Q

Can elicit widespread activation of the complement and coagulation cascades. Highly toxic at small amount

A

Superantigens

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17
Q

Toxic component of LPS

A

Lipid A

18
Q

All bacteria have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan except

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

19
Q

All gram positive bacteria have no endotoxin except

A

Listeria monocytogenes

20
Q

All bacteria capsules are composed of polysaccharide except

A

Bacillus anthracis

21
Q

All exotoxins are heat-labile except

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin - heat stable

22
Q

Gold standard for bacteriologic test

A

Culture

23
Q

Media that determines the pattern of hemolysis

A

Blood agar - isolate various gram positive cocci, selective

24
Q

Media that differentiates lactose fermenters and nonfermenters, selects against gram negative bacteria

A

MacConkey - enteric gram negative rods

Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) - enteric gram negative rods

25
Q

Media for distinguishing H2S producers from non-producers

A

Triple sugar Iron (TSI)

26
Q

Uses egg yolk agar, it destroys lecithin

A

Clostridium perfringens

27
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae uses what type of agar?

A

Tellurite

28
Q

Group D streptococci uses what agar?

A

Bile Esculin

29
Q

Chocolate agar for what?

A

N.meningitidis

N.gonorrhoeae from sterile sites

30
Q

N.gonorhoeae from non-sterile sites uses what agar?

A

Thayer-Martin medium

31
Q

Thayer-Martin medium uses three

antibiotics?

A

Vancomycin, Colestin and Nystatin

32
Q

Haemophilus influenzae uses what agar?

A

Chocolate+factors X and V

33
Q

Agar for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein -Jensen agar

34
Q

Vibrio cholerae agar

A

Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar (TCBS)

35
Q

Bordet-Gengou / Regan-Lowe agar

A

Bordetella pertussis

36
Q

Charcoal-yeast extract agar

A

Legionella pneumophila

37
Q

Agar for Campylobacter and Helicobacter

A

Skirrows/Campy’s agar

38
Q

Agar for Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK) agar

39
Q

Eaton agar

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

40
Q

Uses Cetrimide agar

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

41
Q

Agar for Salmonella and Shigella

A

Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate (XLD)

42
Q

Agar for Leptospira interrogans

A

Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) / Fletcher’s agar

Microbiology (8 decks)

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