Gram Positive Bacteria Flashcards
0
Q
S.aureus is salt tolerant on?
A
Mannitol Salts Agar
1
Q
Gram positive cocci in grape clusters
A
Staphylococcus aureus
2
Q
S.aureus gold color is due to?
A
Staphyloxanthin
3
Q
Common habitat of S.aureus
A
Anterior nares - and sometimes on skin
4
Q
Virulence factor: prevents complement activation
A
Protein A
5
Q
Virulence factor: detoxifies hydrogen peroxide
A
Catalase
6
Q
Virulence factor: specific for white blood cells
A
PV Leukocidin
7
Q
Virulence factor: builds an insoluble fibrin capsule
A
Coagulase
8
Q
Virulence factor: inactivates penicillin derivatives
A
Penicillinase
9
Q
Virulence factor: toxic to hematopoietic cells
A
Hemolysins - cytotoxins
10
Q
Virulence factor: dissolved fibrin clots
A
Fibrinolysin - staphylokinase
11
Q
Virulence factor: spread in fat containing areas of the body
A
Lipase
12
Q
Virulence factor: causes SSSS
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Exfoliatin - causes epidermal separation
13
Q
Valve involve in IV drug abusers having acute endocarditis
A
Tricuspid valves
14
Q
Virulence factor: superantigens causing food poisoning
A
Enterotoxins
15
Q
Virulence factor: causes marked necrosis of the skin and hemolysis
A
Alpha toxin
16
Q
Sequestered focus of osteomyelitis arising in the metaphyseal area of a long bone
A
Brodie abscess
17
Q
Virulence factor: superantigen leading to toxic shock syndrome
A
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)
18
Q
Scalded skin syndrome is also known as what diseae?
A
Ritter disease
19
Q
With Ritter disease, exfoliatin cleaves the ____ in desmosomes
A
Desmoglein
20
Q
With SSSS, separation of epidermis is at _____
A
Stratum granulosum
21
Q
Disease entity where separation occurs at dermo-epidermal junction
A
TEN (Lyell disease)
22
Q
Drug of choice for MRSA
A
Vancomycin
23
Q
Drug of choice for VRSA
A
Linezolid
24
Also known as S.albus
Staphylococcus epidermidis. - positive catalase, coagulase negative, novobiocin sensitive
25
Patient came in with an infected prosthetic joints. What would be the possible organism on culture?
S.epidermidis - glycocalyx adheres well to foreign bodies and form biofilms
26
Condition that may show strawberry tongue:
Scarlet fever
Kawasaki disease
Toxic Shock syndrome
27
Second most common cause of UTIs in sexually active women
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
| E.coli in the Philippines
29
Treatment of choice for S.saprophyticus infection
TMP-SMX, quinolones
30
Most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis
Streptococcus pyogenes - habitat: skin and oropharynx
31
Virulence enzyme: that degrades DNA in exudates or necrotic tissue
DNase (streptodornase)
32
Virulence enzyme: inactivates complement C5a
C5A peptidase
33
Toxin: that causes necrotizing fasciitis
Exotoxin B
34
Used for to document antecedent pharyngitis
Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO)
35
Titers to document antecedent skin infection
Anti-DNAse B
39
Most likely to progress or cause glomerulonephritis
Pyoderma
40
Pyogenic infection with perioral blistered lesions with honey-colored crust. Accumulation of neutrophils beneath stratum corneum.
Impetigo contagiosa - while Bullous impetigo is caused by S.aureus
41
Pyogenic superficial infection extending into dermal lymphatics, painful
Erysipelas
42
Pyogenic deeper infection involving subcutaneous/dermal tissues.
Cellulitis - facilitated by hyaluronidase
43
Pyogenic rapidly progressive infection of deep subcutaneous tissues facilitated by Exotoxin B
Necrotizing fascitis
44
Postpharyngitic due to erythrogenic toxin seen in lysogenized strains.
Scarlet Fever
45
Postpharyngitic cross-reacting antibodies to M proteins and antigens of joint, heart and brain tissues. Patient presents with pancarditis, erythema marginatum, Sydenham chorea and migratory polyarthritis
Acute Rheumatic Fever - due to molecular mimicry
46
Criteria used for Rheumatic fever
Jones Criteria
| Polyarthritis, Chorea, Carditis, Subcutaneous nodules
47
M protein incites immune complex deposition on the glomerular basement membrane. SSX: hypertension, periorbital edema and hematuria
Glomerulonephritis - mc common is post-impetigo
48
Toxin: produces scarlet fever
Erythrogenic toxin
49
Oxygen labile toxin that is highly antigenic, causes AB formation
Streptolysin O
50
Last symptom of Glomerulonephritis that will disappear
Hematuria
51
Drug of choice for Glomerulonephritis
Penicillin G
52
Bacitracin resistant, grow using LIM broth - obstetric importance since it is most common cause of neonatal sepsis
Streptococcus agalactiae
| E.coli - most common cause of neonatal sepsis in the Phils.
53
Treatment of choice for S.agalactiae
Penicillin G
54
Lancefield group D, positive PYR test, causes UTIs due to indwelling urinary catheters and urinary tract instrumentation. Biliary tract infection
Enterococcus faecalis
55
Bacterial infection that causes Marantic endocarditis in patients with abdominal malignancy
Streptococcus bovis - usually associated with pancreatic or colorectal CA
56
Lancet-shaped cocci, in pairs or chains, positive for Quellung Test
Streptococcus pneumoniae
57
Toxin: superantigen similar to TSST
Pyogenic exotoxin A
58
Encapsulated bacteria
```
S.pneumoniae
H.influenzae
P.aeruginosa
N.meningitidis
S.typhi
B group streptococci
```
59
Used by S.pneumoniae for colonization
IgA protease
61
Most common cause of CAP
S.pneumoniae - lobar pattern in presentation
62
Sputum in S.pneumoniae
Rust-colored sputum
63
Most common cause of Otitis media, Sinusitis and Bacterial meningitis
S.pneumoniae - skull fracture with spinal fluid leakage from nose predisposes to meningitis in elderly particularly
64
Syndrome associated with congenital asplenia
Ivemark Syndrome
65
Most common cause of subacute and native valve endocarditis
S.sanguis - subacute bacterial endocarditis
66
Treatment for Viridans Streptococci
Penicillin G with or without aminoglycoside
67
Bacterial infection that cause endocarditis in patients who underwent GIT surgery
E.faecalis
68
Spore-forming, box car aerobic gram positive rod. With medusa head morphology
Bacillus anthracis
69
Condition that presents with fever, strawberry tongue, sandpaper - lkie rash, Pastia's lines
Scarlet fever - Dick test for susceptibility
70
Disease with direct epidermal contact with spores causes formation of malignant pustule with subsequent eschar and central necrosis. 20% mortality
Cutaneous anthrax
71
Disease that causes pulmonary hemorrhages?
1. Pulmonary anthrax
2. Congenital syphilis
3. Weil's disease - severe leptospirosis
72
Condition associated with ingestion of live spores leads to UGI ulceqtion, edema and sepsis. Rapidly-progressive course with 100% mortality
Gastrointestinal anthrax
73
Treatment for cutaneous anthrax
Ciprofloxacin
74
Treatment for S.pneumoniae
Penicillin G
| Levofloxacin or Vancomycin combined with Ceftriaxone for Penicillin resistance
75
Treatment for inhalational and gastrointestinal anthrax
Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline with one or two additional antibiotics
76
Treatment for Enterococcus faecalis
Penicillin plus gentamycin
Vancomycin for resistance
Linezolid for vancomycin-resistant strains
77
Spore forming gram positive rod associated with reheated fried rice
Bacillus cereus
78
Ophthalmitis is a rare traumatic penetrating eye injury with a soil contaminated object. Resulting to complete loss of light perception with 48 hours
Bacillus cereus
79
B.cereus disease form that has a longer incubation period
Diarrheal form >6 hours while emetic form <6hours
80
Four species of Clostridium
C.difficile
C.perfringens
C.tetani
C.botulinum
81
Anaerobic, spore forming bacteria that looks like a tennis racket/ has a lollipop appearance. Entry by skin popping or stepping on a nail
Clostridium tetanu
82
Toxin that cleaves proteins involved in the release of glycine from Renshaw cells in spinal cord.
Tetanus toxin or tetanospasmin
83
Condition that presents with muscle spasms, trismus, risus sardonicus, opisthotonus and respiratory failure
Tetanus
84
Drug of choice for C.tetani infection
Penicillin G, metronidazole is an alternative
85
Condition wherein toxoid and TIG were both given
Contaminated wound with uncertain vaccination or <3 doses received.
86
Patient came in due to flaccid paralysis after eating canned goods and honey. Most likely organism?
Clostridium botulinum - anaerobic, spore forming rod
87
Immunologic botullinum toxin that are common in human
Type A, B and E
88
Bulbar sign in patients with food-borne botulism
Diplopia, Dysphonia, Dysarthria and Dysphagia
89
Condition in infants associated with absence of competitive bowel microbes. Usually happens when baby ingest spores found in household dust or honey
Infant botulism - Floppy Baby Syndrome
90
Treatment for Botulism
Adequate ventilatory support
| Penicillin or Metronidazole
91
Agar for Clostridium perfringens
Egg yolk agar
92
Toxin that causes gas gangrene
Alpha toxin of C.perfringens. Gas produced by anaerobic metabolism
93
Causes pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficile - anaerobic, spore-forming rod
94
C.difficile is transmitted through?
Fecal - oral route
95
Important intermediates of C.difficile infection?
Hands of hospital personnel
96
Antibiotics that predisposes to C.difficile infection
Clindamycin, second and third generation cephalosporins and ampicillin by suppressing normal flora of the body
97
What causes pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Diphtheria
98
Causes pseudomembranous esophagitis
Candida
99
Treatment for pseudomembranous colitis caused by C.difficile
Metronidazole or oral vancomycin, surgery if toxic megacolon develop
100
Patient came in with prominent thick, gray, pseudomembranes over tonsils and throat. Patient then develops airway obsruction. Most likely organism?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae - aerobic, non-spore forming, non motile rod
101
Club or comma-shaped rods arranged in V or L shape, Chinese character appearance
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
102
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is cultured using what agar?
Tellurite
103
Toxicity of C.diphtheriae can be detected using?
Modified ELEK test
104
Beta-prophage encoded toxins
```
Shiga-like toxin -EHEC
Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Erythrogenic toxin
```
105
Treatment for C.diphtheriae infection
Antitoxin and Penicillin G
106
Motility of Listeria monocytogenes
Tumbling motility
107
Also known as Early onset neonatal Listeriosis. May present with late miscarriage or birth complicated by sepsis, multi-organ abscesses and disseminated granulomas
Granulomatosis infantiseptica
108
L.monocytogenes infection that manifest as meningitis or meningoenceohalitis
Late-onset neonatal listeriosis
109
Treatment of L.monocytogenes
Ampicillin with or without Gentamycin
110
Alpha-hemolytic, resistant to bile and optochin. Enters bloodstream during dental procedure. Common habitat is oropharynx
Viridans streptococci
111
Common cause of bacterial cause of sore throat
S.pyogenes - Pharyngitis
112
Associated with Woolsorter's disease
B.anthracis
113
Common cause of death in inhalational anthrax
Pulmonary hemorrhage
114
Cephalosporin resistant microorganisms:
MRSA
Enterococci
Listeria monocytogenes
