Other Bacteria Flashcards
Ulceroglandular disease at the site of bite
Francisella tularensis
Most virulent bacteria; bipolar (safety pin) staining; buboes
Y. pestis
DOC for Y. pestis
Streptomycin and Tetracycline
Ziehl-neelsen stain
M. tuberculosis
Virulence factor of M. tuberculosis which prevents phagosome-lysosomal fusion
Exported repetitive protein (Sulfatides)
Most impt virulence factor of M. tuberculosis which prevents leukocyte migration
Cord factor
Virulence factor of M. tuberculosis which elicits delayed type hypersensitivity
Tuberculin surface protein
Central area of Langhan’s giant cells surrounded by a zone of epithelioid cells
Granuloma
A granuloma surrounded by fibrous tissue that has undergone central casseation
Tubercle
Subpleural granuloma is also called as?
Ghon’s focus
Ghon’s focus + associated lymph node
Ghon’s complex
Radiologically detectatable calcification in TB
Ranke’s complex
Reactivation TB in apices
Simon’s focus
CXR: cicatricial changes, subpleural blebs, cavitation, fibrosis, nodules
Reactivation TB
Fungi associated with reactivation TB
A. fumigatus
MC extrapulmonary form of TB
Scrofula/TB adenitis
Causes Hansen disease; red snappers
M. leprae
Positive lepromin skin test
Tuberculoid leprosy
Paucibacillary leprosy; few lesions; + cell-mediated response
Tuberculoid leprosy
Hypopigmented plaques, thickened superficial nerves, and significant anesthesia
Tuberculoid leprosy
Leonine facies; erythema nodosum leprosum
Lepromatous leprosy
Tender red nodules or humps on both shins seen in leprosy; signals acute flare-ups
Erythema nodosum leprosum
DOC for tuberculoid leprosy
Dapsone
Rifampin
DOC for lepromatous leprosy
Dapsone
Rifampin
Clofazimine
DOC for erythema nodosum leprosum
Thalidomide
Thalidomide is associated with what congenital malformation?
Phocomelia
Hard, nontender swelling with sinus tracts draining sulfur granules
Actinomycosis (Actinomyces israelii)
DOC for Actinomycosis
Penicillin G + drainage
Manifests as mycetomas and lung and brain abscesses (orange colonies)
Nocardiosis (Nocardia asteroides)
Smallest free-living organisms; only bacteria with cholesterol in cell membrane
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Virulence factor of Mycoplasma pneumoniae used for attachment, inhibition of ciliary motion, and necrosis
Toll-like receptor 2 protein (P1 adhesin)
MC type of atypical pneumonia (walking pneumonia)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
MC infectious cause of SJS
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
DOC for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Erythromycin or azithromycin
Coiled spirochete; too thin; microaerophilic; cannot be cultured in vitro
Treponema pallidum
Chancre: What stage of syphilis infection?
Primary syphilis
Condyloma acuminata, maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy: What stage of syphilis infection?
Secondary syphilis
Granulomas (gummas), neurosyphilis; What stage of syphilis infection?
Tertiary syphilis
Argyll-Robertson pupil; Prostitute’s pupil
Tabes dorsalis
Snuffles/saddles nose, mulberry molars, Hutchinson triad, saber shins, Higoumenaki sign, clutton joints, pulmonary hemorrhage
Congenital syphilis
Hutchinson triad
HuDeKer
Hutchinson teeth
Deafness
Keratitis
Most impt dx test for primary syphilis
Dark-field microscopy
Screening test for secondary/tertiary syphilis
RPR/VDRL
Confirmatory test for secondary/tertiary syphilis; earliest positive; remains positive the longest
FTA-ABS
DOC for syphilis
Benzathine penicillin G
Influenza-like sx few hours after receiving penicillin due to lysis of treponemes
Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn
Largest medically-impt bacteria
Borrelia burgdorferi
Stage 1 of Lyme disease
Erythema chronicum migrans (target lesion)
Stage 2 Lyme disease
Myocarditis (AV block), meningitis, Bell’s palsy
Stage 3 Lyme disease
Autoimmune migratory polyarthritis (onion skin lesions), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
DOC for lyme disease
Doxycycline
Causes relapsing fever
Borrelia recurentis
Borrelia recurentis is transmitted by what insect?
Pediculus humanus
DOC for relapsing fever
Tetracycline or Erythromycin
Thin, coiled spirochete with shepherd’s crook (hook at one or both pointed ends); obligate aerobe
L. interrogans
Best specimen for early stages of leptospirosis infection
Blood and CSF
Urine for later stages
Gold standard dx test for leptospirosis
Lepto MAT
CXR: snow-flake lesions
Leptospirosis
Triad of Weil syndrome
Jaundice
Uremia
Bleeding
MCC of death in leptospirosis
Respiratory failure due to massive pulmonary hemorrhage
DOC for mild leptospirosis
Doxycycline
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
DOC for severe leptospirosis
Pen G
Ampicillin
Obligate intracellular bacteria; energy parasites that use host ATP; cell wall lacks muramic acid
Chlamydia trachomatis
Culture medium for Chlamydia trachomatis
Cycloheximide
MC STD overall
Chlamydia trachomatis
Round to oval cytoplasmic inclusion bodies near the nuclei of conjunctival epithelial cells in trachoma
Halberstadter-Prowazel inclusions
Chlamydia trachomatis serotype which causes STDs
D-K
Assoc. with Reiter syndrome
Positive Frei test
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Associated with atherosclerosis
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Causes bird fancier’s disease
Chlamydia psitacci
Positive Weil-Felix reaction
Rickettsiae
DOC for Rickettsial infection
Doxycycline
Palm and Sole Rash
Coxsackie virus type A
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Syphilis
Causes cat scratch disease in immunocompetent individuals
Bartonella henselae
Causes bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised individuals
Bartonella henselae
Transmitted by dog tick (Dermacentor)
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Clue cells; positive whiff test (fishy odor)
Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginalis)
Painful genital ulcer
H. ducreyi
Causes mesenteric adenitis (pseudoappendicitis)
Yersinia enterocolitica
Causes granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)
Klebsiella granulomatis
Bipolar bodies (donovan bodies) look like closed safety pins; pseudobuboe
Klebsiella granulomatis
DOC for Klebsiella granulomatis
Azithromycin
Causes undulating fever; transmission is through contaminated dairy products or through direct contact
Brucella abortus