Intro Flashcards
1
Q
Lab test for spirochetes
A
Darkfield microscopy
2
Q
Stain for legionella
A
Silver stain
3
Q
Stain for chlamydia
A
Giemsa stain
Inclusion bodies
4
Q
Stain for rickettsiae
A
Giemsa/tissue stains
5
Q
Bacteria not seen in gram stain
A
These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color Treponema Rickettsia Mycobacteria Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia
6
Q
Its capsule is composed of polypeptide of D-glutamate
A
Bacillus anthracis
7
Q
Obligate aerobes
A
Noisy and Nagging Pests Must Breath Lots of oxygen Nocardia Neisseria Pseudomonas Mycobacteria Bordetella/Brucella/B. cereus Legionella
8
Q
Obligates Anaerobes
A
ABC of anaerobes
Actinomyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium
9
Q
All bacteria have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan except?
A
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
10
Q
All gram-positive bacteria have NO endotoxin except?
A
Listeria monocytogenes
11
Q
All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide except?
A
Bacillus anthracis
12
Q
All exotoxins are heat-labile except?
A
Staphylococcal enterotoxin
13
Q
Agar selective against gram-positive bacteria and differentiates between lactose fermenters and nonfermenters
A
Eosin-methylene blue (EMB)
MacConkey
14
Q
Distinguishes lactose fermenters from nonfermenters and H2S producers from nonproducers
A
Triple sugar iron (TSI)
15
Q
Egg yolk agar
A
Clostridium perfringens
16
Q
Tellurite agar
A
C. diphtheriae
17
Q
Bile esculin agar
A
Group D streptococci
18
Q
Mannitol salts
A
Staphylococci (salt-loving)
19
Q
Chocolate agar
A
N. meningitidis
N. gonorrhea from sterile sites (blood, csf)
20
Q
Thayer-Martin agar
A
N. gonorrhea from nonsterile sites (oral, GUT)
21
Q
Chocolate + factors X and V
A
H. influenzae
22
Q
Lowenstein-Jensen/Middle brook agar
A
M. tuberculosis
23
Q
Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts (TCBS)
A
V. cholerae
24
Q
Bordet-gengou/Regan-Lowe agar
A
B. pertussis
25
Charcoal-yeast extract
Legionella pneumophila
26
Skirrows agar
Campylobacter
| Helicobacter
27
Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK)
B. burgdorferi
28
Eaton agar
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
29
Cetrimide agar
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
30
Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate (XLD) agar
Salmonella
| Shigella
31
EMJH/ Fletcher's agar
Leptospira interrogans
32
For attachment and conjugation
Pilus or fimbria
33
Mediates adherence to surfaces
Glycocalyx
34
Genes for antibiotic resistance and toxins
Plasmid
35
Site of nutrients in cytoplasm
Granule
36
Bacterial growth curve (phase) with zero growth rate
Phase 1 Lag phase
| Phase 3 Maximum stationary phase
37
Bacterial growth curve (phase) with negative growth rate
Phase 4 Decline or death phase
38
Type of DNA transfer from one bacterium to another
Conjugation
39
Type of DNA transfer by a virus from one cell to another
Transduction
40
Purified DNA is taken up by a cell
Transformation
41
Mediates attachment of bacteria
Pili
42
Bacteria with IgA protease
```
SHiNe My Gong
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
N. meningitidis
N. gonorrheae
```
43
Cell wall protein of S. aureus which prevents complement activation
Protein A
44
Cell wall protein of S. pyogenes which is antiphagocytic
M protein
45
Exotoxin subunit which is the active (toxic) subunit
```
A subunit
B subunit (binding subunit)
```
46
B cell disorders (primary immunodeficiency disorders)
X-linked aggamaglobulinemia (Bruton's)
Selective IgA deficiency
Common variable immunodeficiency
47
T cell disorders (primary immunodeficiency disorders)
Di George syndrome
| Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
48
Combined B- and T- cell disorders
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
49
Phagocyte disorders
Chronic granulomatous disease
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)
50
Complement disorders
Early (C2 or C3 deficiency)
| Terminal
51
Recurrent infections with pyogenic bacteria indicate?
B-cell deficiency
52
Recurrent infections with fungi, viruses, or protozoa indicate?
T-cell deficiency
53
Virtual absence of B cells due to tyrosine kinase mutation; 6 mo old male
Bruton's aggamaglobulinemia
54
Recurrent bacterial and sinus infections
Selective IgA deficiency
55
Defect in B cell maturation to plasma cells; mc form of severe antibody deficiency affecting both children and adults
Common variable immunodeficiency
56
Profound deficit in T cells; failure of dev't of thymus and parathyroids due to a defect in 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches
Di George Syndrome
57
S/Sx of Di George Syndrome
```
Cardiac defect (TOF)
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia
22q11.2 chromosomal deletion
```
58
Specific T cell deficiency for C. albicans; recurrent candidiasis
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
59
X-linked: defect in IL-2 receptors in T cells
Autosomal: ADA deficiency
Recurrent bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infection in early infancy (3 months of age)
Bubble boy disease
Severe combined immunodeficiency
60
X-linked; inability to mount IgM response; mutation in wasp gene for actin filament assembly
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
61
S/Sx of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Thrombocytopenia
Infections
Eczema
Wasp mutation
62
Ataxia, telangiectasia, recurrent infections by 2 years of age; IgA deficiency
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
63
Lack of NADPH activity; failure of oxidative burst; recurrent infections with catalase-positive bacteria and fungi (A. fumigatus)
Chronic granulomatous disease
64
Failure of phagolysosomal fusion; recurrent pyogenic infections cause by strep and staph
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
65
Mutation in integrins, defective adhesion (LFA-1) proteins on the surface of phagocytes; severe pyogenic infections in infancy; delayed separation of umbilical cord
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)
66
MC complement defect
C2 deficiency
67
Specific deficiency in C5-C9; bacteremia with N. meningitidis or N. gonorrhea
Terminal complement deficiency
68
Stain for mycobacteria
Acid-fast stain
69
Loss of muscle control; shivering; myoclonic jerks and tremors; loss of coordination; rapidly progressive dementia; Dx? etiologic agent? Tx?
Progressive, neurodegenerative disease; Animal prion; no treatment available
70
Mad cow disease is caused by?
Prions
71
Sponge-like lesions in the brain; Dx? Etiologic agent?
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease; Prions
72
Pulvinar sign on MRI; presence of florid plaques on neuropathology
Variant CJD
73
S/Sx of Classic CJD
Dementia
| Early neurologic signs
74
S/Sx of Variant CJD
Prominent psychiatric and behavioral sx; painful dyesthesiasis; delayed neurologic signs
75
Obligate intracellular but acellular parasites of plants; naked RNA; no human diseases
Viroids
76
DNA pieces that move readily from one site to another either within or between the DNA of bacteria, plasmids, and bacteriophages; also called jumping genes
Transposons
77
DNa replication followed by insertion of new copy into another site
Replicative transposition
78
DNA is excised from the site without replicating and the inserted into the new site
Direct transposition
79
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS syndrome) is caused by?
Prions
80
Completely dependent on oxygen for ATP generation
Obligate aerobes
81
Use fermentation but can tolerate low amounts of oxygen because they have superoxide dismutase
Microaerophiles
82
Utilize oxygen if it is present, but can use fermentation in its absence
Facultative anaerobes
83
Exclusively anaerobic but insensitive to the presence of oxygen
Aerotolerant anaerobes
84
Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen because they lack 3 important enzymes: superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase
Obligate anaerobes
85
Aerotolerant anaerobes
Propionibacterium
| Lactobacillus
86
Facultative anaerobes
```
Staph
Bacillus anthracis
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Mycoplasma (except M. pneumoniae)
```
87
Microaerophiles
Strep
Spirochetes
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
88
Undergoes programmed rearrangement
Borrelia recurrentis
89
Toxins which undergo ADP ribosylation
Diphtheria
Cholera
E. coli
Pertussis
