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Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Lab test for spirochetes

A

Darkfield microscopy

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2
Q

Stain for legionella

A

Silver stain

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3
Q

Stain for chlamydia

A

Giemsa stain

Inclusion bodies

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4
Q

Stain for rickettsiae

A

Giemsa/tissue stains

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5
Q

Bacteria not seen in gram stain

A 
These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color
Treponema
Rickettsia
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia
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6
Q

Its capsule is composed of polypeptide of D-glutamate

A

Bacillus anthracis

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7
Q

Obligate aerobes

A 
Noisy and Nagging Pests Must Breath Lots of oxygen
Nocardia
Neisseria
Pseudomonas
Mycobacteria
Bordetella/Brucella/B. cereus
Legionella
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8
Q

Obligates Anaerobes

A

ABC of anaerobes
Actinomyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium

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9
Q

All bacteria have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan except?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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10
Q

All gram-positive bacteria have NO endotoxin except?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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11
Q

All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide except?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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12
Q

All exotoxins are heat-labile except?

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

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13
Q

Agar selective against gram-positive bacteria and differentiates between lactose fermenters and nonfermenters

A

Eosin-methylene blue (EMB)

MacConkey

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14
Q

Distinguishes lactose fermenters from nonfermenters and H2S producers from nonproducers

A

Triple sugar iron (TSI)

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15
Q

Egg yolk agar

A

Clostridium perfringens

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16
Q

Tellurite agar

A

C. diphtheriae

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17
Q

Bile esculin agar

A

Group D streptococci

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18
Q

Mannitol salts

A

Staphylococci (salt-loving)

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19
Q

Chocolate agar

A

N. meningitidis

N. gonorrhea from sterile sites (blood, csf)

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20
Q

Thayer-Martin agar

A

N. gonorrhea from nonsterile sites (oral, GUT)

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21
Q

Chocolate + factors X and V

A

H. influenzae

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22
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen/Middle brook agar

A

M. tuberculosis

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23
Q

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts (TCBS)

A

V. cholerae

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24
Q

Bordet-gengou/Regan-Lowe agar

A

B. pertussis

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25
Q

Charcoal-yeast extract

A

Legionella pneumophila

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26
Q

Skirrows agar

A

Campylobacter

Helicobacter

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27
Q

Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK)

A

B. burgdorferi

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28
Q

Eaton agar

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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29
Q

Cetrimide agar

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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30
Q

Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate (XLD) agar

A

Salmonella

Shigella

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31
Q

EMJH/ Fletcher’s agar

A

Leptospira interrogans

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32
Q

For attachment and conjugation

A

Pilus or fimbria

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33
Q

Mediates adherence to surfaces

A

Glycocalyx

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34
Q

Genes for antibiotic resistance and toxins

A

Plasmid

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35
Q

Site of nutrients in cytoplasm

A

Granule

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36
Q

Bacterial growth curve (phase) with zero growth rate

A

Phase 1 Lag phase

Phase 3 Maximum stationary phase

37
Q

Bacterial growth curve (phase) with negative growth rate

A

Phase 4 Decline or death phase

38
Q

Type of DNA transfer from one bacterium to another

A

Conjugation

39
Q

Type of DNA transfer by a virus from one cell to another

A

Transduction

40
Q

Purified DNA is taken up by a cell

A

Transformation

41
Q

Mediates attachment of bacteria

42
Q

Bacteria with IgA protease

A 
SHiNe My Gong
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
N. meningitidis
N. gonorrheae
43
Q

Cell wall protein of S. aureus which prevents complement activation

44
Q

Cell wall protein of S. pyogenes which is antiphagocytic

45
Q

Exotoxin subunit which is the active (toxic) subunit

A 
A subunit
B subunit (binding subunit)
46
Q

B cell disorders (primary immunodeficiency disorders)

A

X-linked aggamaglobulinemia (Bruton’s)
Selective IgA deficiency
Common variable immunodeficiency

47
Q

T cell disorders (primary immunodeficiency disorders)

A

Di George syndrome

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

48
Q

Combined B- and T- cell disorders

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Ataxia-Telangiectasia

49
Q

Phagocyte disorders

A

Chronic granulomatous disease
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)

50
Q

Complement disorders

A

Early (C2 or C3 deficiency)

Terminal

51
Q

Recurrent infections with pyogenic bacteria indicate?

A

B-cell deficiency

52
Q

Recurrent infections with fungi, viruses, or protozoa indicate?

A

T-cell deficiency

53
Q

Virtual absence of B cells due to tyrosine kinase mutation; 6 mo old male

A

Bruton’s aggamaglobulinemia

54
Q

Recurrent bacterial and sinus infections

A

Selective IgA deficiency

55
Q

Defect in B cell maturation to plasma cells; mc form of severe antibody deficiency affecting both children and adults

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

56
Q

Profound deficit in T cells; failure of dev’t of thymus and parathyroids due to a defect in 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

A

Di George Syndrome

57
Q

S/Sx of Di George Syndrome

A 
Cardiac defect (TOF)
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia
22q11.2 chromosomal deletion
58
Q

Specific T cell deficiency for C. albicans; recurrent candidiasis

A

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

59
Q

X-linked: defect in IL-2 receptors in T cells
Autosomal: ADA deficiency
Recurrent bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infection in early infancy (3 months of age)
Bubble boy disease

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency

60
Q

X-linked; inability to mount IgM response; mutation in wasp gene for actin filament assembly

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

61
Q

S/Sx of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

A

Thrombocytopenia
Infections
Eczema
Wasp mutation

62
Q

Ataxia, telangiectasia, recurrent infections by 2 years of age; IgA deficiency

A

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

63
Q

Lack of NADPH activity; failure of oxidative burst; recurrent infections with catalase-positive bacteria and fungi (A. fumigatus)

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

64
Q

Failure of phagolysosomal fusion; recurrent pyogenic infections cause by strep and staph

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

65
Q

Mutation in integrins, defective adhesion (LFA-1) proteins on the surface of phagocytes; severe pyogenic infections in infancy; delayed separation of umbilical cord

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)

66
Q

MC complement defect

A

C2 deficiency

67
Q

Specific deficiency in C5-C9; bacteremia with N. meningitidis or N. gonorrhea

A

Terminal complement deficiency

68
Q

Stain for mycobacteria

A

Acid-fast stain

69
Q

Loss of muscle control; shivering; myoclonic jerks and tremors; loss of coordination; rapidly progressive dementia; Dx? etiologic agent? Tx?

A

Progressive, neurodegenerative disease; Animal prion; no treatment available

70
Q

Mad cow disease is caused by?

71
Q

Sponge-like lesions in the brain; Dx? Etiologic agent?

A

Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease; Prions

72
Q

Pulvinar sign on MRI; presence of florid plaques on neuropathology

A

Variant CJD

73
Q

S/Sx of Classic CJD

A

Dementia

Early neurologic signs

74
Q

S/Sx of Variant CJD

A

Prominent psychiatric and behavioral sx; painful dyesthesiasis; delayed neurologic signs

75
Q

Obligate intracellular but acellular parasites of plants; naked RNA; no human diseases

76
Q

DNA pieces that move readily from one site to another either within or between the DNA of bacteria, plasmids, and bacteriophages; also called jumping genes

A

Transposons

77
Q

DNa replication followed by insertion of new copy into another site

A

Replicative transposition

78
Q

DNA is excised from the site without replicating and the inserted into the new site

A

Direct transposition

79
Q

Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS syndrome) is caused by?

80
Q

Completely dependent on oxygen for ATP generation

A

Obligate aerobes

81
Q

Use fermentation but can tolerate low amounts of oxygen because they have superoxide dismutase

A

Microaerophiles

82
Q

Utilize oxygen if it is present, but can use fermentation in its absence

A

Facultative anaerobes

83
Q

Exclusively anaerobic but insensitive to the presence of oxygen

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes

84
Q

Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen because they lack 3 important enzymes: superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase

A

Obligate anaerobes

85
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

Propionibacterium

Lactobacillus

86
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A 
Staph
Bacillus anthracis
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Mycoplasma (except M. pneumoniae)
87
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Strep
Spirochetes
Campylobacter
Helicobacter

88
Q

Undergoes programmed rearrangement

A

Borrelia recurrentis

89
Q

Toxins which undergo ADP ribosylation

A

Diphtheria
Cholera
E. coli
Pertussis

Microbiology (9 decks)

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