Mycology

Question 1

Dermatophytoses

Answer 1

Microsporum canis
Trichophyton tonsurans
Epidermophyton floccosum

Question 2

Green fluorescence on wood’s lamp

Answer 2

Dermatophytoses

Question 3

10% KOH: septate hyphae

Answer 3

Dermatophytoses

Question 4

10% KOH: spaghetti and meatballs appearance

Answer 4

Tinea versicolor or An-an

Malassezia furfur

Question 5

DOC for Tinea versicolor

Answer 5

Miconazole

Question 6

Transmission is through thorn prick (rose)

Answer 6

Sporotrichosis

Question 7

DOC for Sporotrichosis

Answer 7

Itraconazole or potassium iodide

Question 8

Systemic mycoses

Answer 8

Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 9

Causes valley fever: erythema nodosum (desert bumps)

Answer 9

Coccidioides immitis

Question 10

DOC for valley fever

Answer 10

Amphotericin B or itraconazole

Question 11

Mode of transmission of Valley fever

Answer 11

Inhalation of arthrospores

Question 12

2 types of asexual spores of H. capsulatum

Answer 12

Tuberculate macroconidia

Microconidia

Question 13

Bird droppings (Starling’s) or bat guano

Answer 13

H. capsulatum

Question 14

Hides within macrophages

Answer 14

H. capsulatum

Question 15

Closely mimics TB

Answer 15

H. capsulatum

Question 16

DOC for H. capsulatum

Answer 16

Amphotericin B or itraconazole

Question 17

Dimorphic fungus; round yeast with broad-based bud

Answer 17

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 18

MCC of fungal pneumonia

Answer 18

B. dermatitidis

Question 19

DOC for blastomycosis

Answer 19

Itraconazole

Question 20

Dimorphic fungus; thick yeast with multiple buds in wheel configuration (mariner’s wheel)

Answer 20

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 21

DOC for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Answer 21

Itraconazole

Question 22

Opportunistic mycoses

Answer 22

Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillus fumigatus
Rhizopus oryzae and mucor spp
Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 23

Skin: satellite lesions
Vagina: curd-like discharge

Answer 23

Candiasis (immunocompetent)

Question 24

Pseudomembranous esophagitis

Answer 24

Candidiasis (immunocompromised)

Question 25

DOC for oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis

Answer 25

Nystatin swish and swallow

Question 26

DOC for candida skin infection

Answer 26

Clotrimazole

Question 27

DOC for disseminated candidiasis

Answer 27

Amphotericin B

Question 28

Chemoprophylaxis for candidiasis

Answer 28

Fluconazole

Question 29

Oval yeast with narrow-based bud surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule seen in India ink

Answer 29

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 30

Bird (pigeon) droppings

Answer 30

C. neoformans

Question 31

DOC for C. neoformans infection

Answer 31

Amphotericin B and Flucytosine

Question 32

Exist only as molds; septate hyphae that form V-shaped (dichotomous) branches

Answer 32

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 33

Fungus ball in lung cavities

Answer 33

A. fumigatus

Question 34

Cutaneous mycoses

Answer 34

Dermatophytoses Malassezia furfur Sporothrix schenckii

Question 35

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

Answer 35

A. fumigatus

Question 36

DOC for A. fumigatus infection

Answer 36

Amphotericin B

Question 37

Rhino-orbital-cerebral infection with eschar formation; occurs in patients with DKA, burns, or leukemia

Answer 37

Rhizopus oryzae and mucor spp.

Question 38

Indeterminate organism; major surface protein undergoes programmed rearrangement; dx is by staining BAL washings

Answer 38

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 39

Frothy exudate that blocks O2 exchange

Answer 39

Pneumocystis jiroveci infection

Question 40

MC AIDS-defining illness; diffuse interstitial pneumonia with ground glass infiltrates bilaterally

Answer 40

PCP; occurs when CD4

Question 41

DOC for Pneumocystis jiroveci infection

Answer 41

TMP-SMX