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Microbiology > Gram Positive > Flashcards

Gram Positive Flashcards

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1
Q

Virulence factor of S. aureus which prevents complement activation

A

Protein A

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2
Q

Virulence factor of S. aureus which is also called spreading factor

A

Hyaluronidase

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3
Q

MCC of acute endocarditis

A

S. aureus

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4
Q

Cardiac valve affected by S. aureus in IV drug abusers

A

Tricuspid valve

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5
Q

Sequestered focus of osteomyelitis arising in the metaphyseal area of a long bone caused by S. aureus

A

Brodie abscess

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6
Q

Food most commonly infected by S. aureus that causes AGE

A

Mayonnaise (potato or tuna salad)

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7
Q

Also known as Ritter Disease

A

SSSS

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8
Q

Area of separation in the skin in SSSS

A

Stratum granulosum

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9
Q

Also known as Lyell disease

A

TEN

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10
Q

Area of separation in the skin in TEN

A

Dermo-epidermal junction

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11
Q

Usual scenario in toxic shock syndrome

A

Tampon using; nasal packing

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12
Q

DOC for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin:
Naficillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin

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13
Q

DOC for methicillin-resistant S. aureus

A

Vancomycin

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14
Q

DOC for vancomycin-resistant S. aureus

A

Linezolid

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15
Q

MCC of prosthetic valve endocarditis, septic arthritis in prosthetic joints, and VP shunt infections

A

S. epidermidis

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16
Q

DOC for S. epidermidis infection

A

Vancomycin

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17
Q

2nd MCC of UTI in sexually active women

A

S. saprophyticus

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18
Q

DOC for S. saprophyticus

A

TMP-SMX

Quinolones

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19
Q

Positive PYR test

A

S. pyogenes or Group D strep

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20
Q

S. pyogenes toxin which causes scarlet fever

A

Erythrogenic toxin

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21
Q

S. pyogenes toxin which causes TSS

A

Pyogenic exotoxin A

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22
Q

S. pyogenes toxin which causes necrotizing fasciitis

A

Exotoxin B

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23
Q

Test which is used to document antecedent pharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes

A

ASO titer

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24
Q

Test which is used to document antecedent skin infection caused by S. pyogenes

A

Anti DNAse B

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25
Q

Perioral blistered lesions with honey-colored crust

A

Impetigo contagiosa

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26
Q

Complication of impetigo contagiosa

A

PSGN

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27
Q

Superficial infection extending into dermal lymphatics caused by S. pyogenes

A

Erysipelas

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28
Q

Virulence factor of S. pyogenes which facilitates cellulitis

A

Hyaluronidase (spreading factor)

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29
Q

MC bacterial cause of sore throat

A

S. pyogenes

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30
Q

Skin test for susceptibility of scarlet fever

A

Dick test

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31
Q

Strawberry tongue
Sandpaper-like skin
Pastia’s lines

A

Scarlet fever

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32
Q

DOC for PSGN

A

Penicillin G

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33
Q

Culture medium of S. agalactiae

A

Lim broth

34
Q

MCC of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis

A

S. agalactiae

Group B strep

35
Q

Causes endocarditis in patients who underwent GIT surgery

A

Enterococcus faecalis

group D strep

36
Q

Causes marantic endocarditis in patients with colorectal ca

A

S. bovis

37
Q

Gram-positive “lancet-shaped” cocci in pairs (diplococci)

A

S. pneumoniae

38
Q

Encapsulated bacteria

A 
Some Killers Have Pretty Nice and Shiny Bodies
S. pneumoniae
K. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
P. aeruginosa
N. meningitidis
S. typhi
B group streptococci
39
Q

MCC of CAP

A

S. pneumoniae

40
Q

Rust-colored sputum

Lobar pattern pneumonia

A

S. pneumoniae

41
Q

MCC of otitis media, sinusitis, and bacterial meningitis

A

S. pneumoniae

42
Q

Causes dental caries

A

Streptococcus mutans

Viridans strep

43
Q

Causes subacute bacterial endocarditis; MCC of subacute and native valve endocarditis

A

Streptococcus sanguis

Viridans strep

44
Q

Most potent aminoglycoside

A

Amikacin

45
Q

Catalase negative
Bile optochin sensitive
Alpha hemolytic
Positive quellung reaction

A

S. pneumoniae

46
Q

Catalase negative
Bile optochin resistant
Alpha hemolytic

A

Viridans streptococci

47
Q

Catalase negative
Bacitracin sensitive
Beta hemolytic

A

S. pyogenes

48
Q

Catalase negative
Bacitracin resistant
Beta hemolytic

A

S. agalactiae

49
Q

Catalase negative

Gamma hemolytic

A

Group D streptococci

50
Q

Catalase positive

Coagulase positive

A

S. aureus

51
Q

Catalase positive
Coagulase negative
Novobiocin sensitive

A

S. epidermidis

52
Q

Catalase positive
Coagulase negative
Novobiocin resistant

A

S. saprophyticus

53
Q

Spore-forming gram positive rods

A

Bacillus

Clostridium

54
Q

Non spore-forming gram positive rods

A

Corynebacterium

Listeria

55
Q

Spore-forming gram positive rod; box car-shaped; medusa head morphology

A

B. anthracis

56
Q

Reheated fried rice

A

B. cereus

57
Q

Spore-forming gram positive rod; tennis racket-like; lollipop shape

A

C. tetani

58
Q

Non spore forming gram positive rod;

Curved; chinese characters

A

C. diphtheriae

59
Q

Non spore forming gram positive rod; associated with unpasteurized milk

A

L. monocytogenes

60
Q

Causes Woolsorter’s disease

A

B. anthracis

Inhalational anthrax

61
Q

DOC for infections causes by B. anthracis

A

Ciprofloxacin

62
Q

Most dreaded form of anthrax

A

GI anthrax

63
Q

3 infections which causes pulmonary hemorrhage

A

Inhalational anthrax
Weil’s disease
Congenital syphilis

64
Q

Causes chinese fried rice syndrome

A

B. cereus

65
Q

Tx for AGE caused by B. cereus

A

Symptomatic treatment only

66
Q

Pathogenesis of tetanus

A

Tetanospasmin inhibits the release of glycine from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

67
Q

DOC for tetanus

A

Metronidazole

68
Q

DOC for tetanus in children

A

Penicillin

69
Q

Bulging canned goods

A

C. botulinum

70
Q

Pathogenesis of botulism

A

Botulinum toxin blocks acetylcholine release causing flaccid paralysis (descending pattern)

71
Q

Triad of botulism

A

Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis
Absence of fever
Intact sensorium

72
Q

Causes floppy baby syndrome

A

C. botulinum

Aka infant botulism

73
Q

Double hemolysis on blood agar

A

C. perfringens

74
Q

Causes gas gangrene

A

C. perfringens

75
Q

Toxin implicated in gas gangrene

A

Alpha toxin

76
Q

Antibiotics implicated in pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin
2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins
Ampicillin

77
Q

Causes pseudomembranous colitis

A

C. difficile

78
Q

Metachromatic granules (Babes-Ernst/volutin granules)

A

C. diphtheriae

79
Q

Toxigenicity of C. diphtheriae is detected using?

A

Modified elek test

80
Q

Tumbling motility

A

L. monocytogenes

81
Q

Cold enhancement (paradoxical growth in cold temperature

A

L. monocytogenes

82
Q

Beta hemolytic yellow or golden colonies on blood agar

A

S. aureus

Microbiology (9 decks)

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