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PSY3103- Learning and Conditioning > Other > Flashcards

Other Flashcards

1
Q

Which theorist believed in radical behaviorism?

A

B.f skinner

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2
Q

Was Aristotle an empiricist or nativist?

A

Empiricist

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3
Q

Was Plato an empiricist or nativist?

A

Nativist

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4
Q

What did Watson’s behaviorism see as 3 problems with Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

A
  • Too complex
  • Too subjective
  • Untestable
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5
Q

What did Watson and Hull not agree on?

A

The role of internal events

  • Watson rejected this idea
  • Hull believed in the role of internal events
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6
Q

Briefly describe the Bonobo doll study?

What was the IV and DV?

A

IV: observing an adult being aggressive

DV: imitating aggressive behavior

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7
Q

The study of patient H.M was based on what type of research ?

What is a limitation of this type of study?

A

A case study

Limitation: problem of generalization

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8
Q

Name 2 advantages and 2 limitations of animal research?

A

Advantages:
- Control and manipulate genetic makeup/background
- Control and manipulate their learning history

Limitations:
- ethically questionable
- Findings are limited to human applicability

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9
Q

Provide a diagram of classical conditioning with an aversive US along with concrete examples for the CS, US, CR, UR, and NS

  • Shock + sound
  • Freezing behavior
  • Sound
  • Freezing behavior
A
  • Shock + sound
    = US + NS
  • Freezing behavior
    = UR
  • Sound
    = CS
  • Freezing behavior
    = CR
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10
Q

According to conditioned tolerance, an overdose may follow classical conditioning ?

Describe this phenomenon by linking the following terms?

  • CS
  • US
  • NS
  • UR
  • Heroin
  • Bedroom (regular site of injection)
  • Response to drug
  • Friends party (novel site of injection)
A

US: Heroin
UR: Response to drug
CS: Bedroom (regular site of injection)
NS: Friends party (novel site of injection)

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11
Q

What law did Thorndike show with his cat in the box experiment ? Describe this law in one sentence

A

Law of effects:
The consequences of a behavior determine whether or not that behavior will be repeated.

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12
Q

Why is a healthy body (reinforcer) a poor motivator for exercising regularly?

A

A healthy body is a delayed reinforcer. The more delayed a reinforcer is, the less likely it is to motivate you.

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13
Q

What phenomenon is described here:

A bright light and a faint tone are presented at the same time.

Then, food is presented to the animal.

Because the light is more salient than the tone, the animal has learned a classical conditioning association with the light but not the tone

A

Overshadowing

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14
Q

Give an example of variable ratio reinforcement (VR30) based on a rat pressing a lever?

A

The rat gets rewarded every 30 presses of the lever on average

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15
Q

Give an example of variable interval reinforcement (VI30 seconds) based on a rat pressing a lever.

A

The rat gets rewarded after pressing the lever and waiting 30 seconds on average

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16
Q

Name one limitation of the Drive reduction theory

A

Not all behaviors are linked to a reduction in physiological drive

17
Q

After a rat is familiar with a particular reinforcement schedule such as VR30, it will exhibit very predictable behavior. What is another term for this predictable behavior?

A

Steady state behavior

18
Q

What is the difference between a duration schedule and a fixed interval schedule?

A

The duration schedule requires a continuous behavior

19
Q

What type of schedule is modified based on the subjects performance?

A

Adjusting schedule

20
Q

What is semantic generalization?

A

Generalization of a conditioned response to a verbal stimulus that are similar in meaning to the CS.

21
Q

A smoker chews candy to avoid smoking, since he cannot smoke and eat candy at the same time. What reinforcement strategy is he using?

A

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior

22
Q

A child tries to get attention from their parent. To extinguish this behavior, the parents encourage the child to communicate their needs. What is this strategy called?

A

Functional communication training

23
Q

What two side effects of extinction are reduced by using DRI and DRO?

A

Frustration and aggression

24
Q

A dolphin jumping progressively higher loops is an example of type of stimulus control?

A

Targeting (start with a simpler behavior and move gradually towards the end goal)

25
Q

Under what conditions does experimental neurosis occur ?

A

When subjects are exposed to unpredictable events

26
Q

In classical conditioning experiment, a dog is exposed to a tone (NS) by itself. Then, the tone is paired with food (US), and the dog salivates (UR).

Finally, the tone is presented by itself, and the dog does not salivate. What is the name of this phenomenon? Explain briefly.

A

Latent inhibition

It never made the association between the tone and the food, so it cannot salivate in response to the tone itself as there is no association

27
Q

In studies of conditioned emotional response (CER) development by Estes and Skinner, what is the DV and IV?

A

DV: Lever pressing

IV: presence of a tone or light (CS) and if it was presented or not

27
Q

What kind of experimental design is shown in a graph with the words: baseline, treatment, time (x-axis) and behaviors (y-axis)?

A

Reversal ABAB design

28
Q

A runner feeling euphoric after a long race is an example of what theory of emotion?

Identify the a-process and b-process.

Which is faster to increase and decrease, the a or b process?

A
  • Opponent process theory
  • a-process: pain from running

b-process: feeling of euphoria

Faster: a-process

29
Q

Provide one of the examples of negative punishment seen in class?

A

Rat presses bar –> water spout retracts

OR

Child plays with food at the table –> Sent to room (time out)

30
Q

A person is bitten by a dog and develops a fear of all animals. Is this an instance of generalization with steep or flat gradient?

A

Flat (more generalized to all animals but if it were specific to animals that look very similar the one that bit them, then steep)

31
Q

Rewarding the last behavior in a series of behaviors is done for what kind of training ?

A

Backward chaining

PSY3103- Learning and Conditioning (13 decks)

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