Lecture #3 Flashcards
What is an elicited behavior?
Give examples.
2pts
A behavior that is automatic and involuntary (reflexive)
Ex- blink, startle
What is a fixed action pattern?
Give an example.
4pts
- A sequence of species specific behaviors elicited by a stimulus
- Can often identify a “releaser” stimulus that sets the fixed action pattern into motion
- Sometimes adaptive responses to promote survival
Ex- Dog goes in play posture (head down, bum up, front legs out) in response to its owner pulling out a ball
What is the adaptive response habituation?
Give an example.
3pts
- Is a decrease in strength of an elicited response after repeated exposure to a stimulus.
- We tend to habituate to irrelevant and low intensity stimuli.
Ex- Habituation to the sound of a fan or smell of a bonfire
What is the adaptive response sensitization?
Give an example
3pts
Is an enhancement of a response following repeated presentation of a novel (usually noxious) stimuli
- We tend to become sensitive to extremely relevant and high intensity stimuli
Ex- Hearing branches snapping in the woods
Is this habituation or sensitization?
Alerts us to small, possibly dangerous, changes in our environment.
Sensitization
What is classical conditioning?
3pts
- Involuntary behavior
- The environment induces a change in behaviour
- Reflexive behavior is paired with a new stimulus, which then can elicit the response
Who created classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
Pavlov’s Flies and linking behavior to neuronal plasticity:
Fill in the blanks.
Learning must reflect a BLANK underlying BLANK BLANK
What is the essential role of certain genes?
What type of task did he use, what were the 4 components (US, UC, CS, CR)
What was the conclusion of this Genetic knock-out flies (Drosophilia) experiment?
5pts
common, cellular plasticity
- essential role of particular genes in learning and memory
- Olfactory avoidance task (odor-shock avoidance task)
–> US: shock
–> UC: pain
–> NS/CS: odor 1
–> CR: avoidance
Conclusion: CREB is a transcription factor and is critical for long-term memory
What are the 4 components of the experiment through the Pavlov dog salivation experiment?
Unconditioned stimulus (USC/US): stimulus that unconditionally, naturally and automatically triggers a response (food)
Unconditioned response (UCR/UR): unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (salivating)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): originally irrelevant stimulus/neutral stimulus that, after associated with the unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger the unconditioned response (bell or metronome)
Conditioned response (CR): learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (salivating)
CREB-deficient mutant flies are impaired in forming an BLANK-BLANK memory (olfactory avoidance task).
odor-discriminating memory
Excitatory Conditioning vs inhibitory conditioning?
What is the excitatory CS labeled as?
The NS is associated with the presence/absence of a US
Excitatory CS: CS+
Inhibitory CS: CS-
What are the 4 ways to temporally arrange the presentation of the NS and the US:
Which is the best arrangement for conditioning and which is the least effective ?
4pts
Delayed conditioning: NS (tone) then US (shock) slight overlap towards the end of the NS
–> Best arrangement
Trace conditioning : Slight delay, NS (tone) then a slight pause then US (shock)
Simultaneous conditioning: NS (tone) and US (shock) delivered at the same time
Backward conditioning: US (shock) delivered first then slight overlap with the delivery of the NS (tone)
–> Least effective arrangement
What is the theory of motivation/emotion: Opponent Process Theory ?
Give 3 examples.
3pts
- Emotions work in pairs
An environmental event elicits a response (process-a) which then elicits a compensatory response (process-b) which serves to counteract process-a
Example:
- happy-sad
- fear-relief
- pain-pleasure
Tolerance
2pts
Decreased sensitivity to a drug after repeated exposure to the drug
(require more of the drug to get the same effect)
- Reductions in amount of drug reaching site of action.
- Liver begins to produce more enzymes to metabolize drugs you take often.
What concept is this?
Metabolic Tolerance
