Other

Question 1

What pathologies would cause a patient to lose their red- eye reflex?

Answer 1

Retinoblastoma
Vitreous haemorrhage
cataract

Question 2

What is a normal optic disc cup size?
When might it be enlarged?

Answer 2

0.3 or less
Glaucoma

Question 3

What is a pale optic disc a sign of?

Answer 3

Optic atrophy

Question 4

What is swelling in the optic disc a sign of?

Answer 4

Papilloedema

Question 5

What signs are associated with HTN retinopathy?

Answer 5

Silver wiring
AV nipping - narrowing of the venule due to crossing of the AV
cotton wool spots
Papilloedema

Question 6

What signs are associated with diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 6

• dot and blot haemmorrhages
• cotton wool spots
• Neovascularisation
• retinal fibrosis

Question 7

What is druse a sign of?

Answer 7

Macular degeneration

Question 8

What is peripheral pigmentation a sign of?

Answer 8

retinitis pigmentosa

Question 9

What would you check on general inspection of the eye?

Answer 9

Scarring/ swelling/ discharge
Proptosis
Ptosis
Strabismus

Question 10

Unilateral vs bilateral ptosis

Answer 10

Unilateral: CN3 lesion
Bilateral: Horner’s syndrome/ Myasthenia gravis/ Myotonic dystrophy

Question 11

What causes proptosis

Answer 11

rtetroorbital tumour
Thyrotoxicosis

Question 12

Causes of painless red eye

Answer 12

• Conjunctivitis
• Subconjunctival haemmorrhage
• Dry eye
• Episcleritis