MSK Flashcards
signs of adhesive capsulitis/ frozen shoulder?
Reduced external rotation
Signs of rotator cuff injury?
Painful arc on abduction (10-120)
Supraspinatus wasting
How would a shoulder dislocation present?
Bulge over the head of the humerus
Flattening of the deltoid
Reduced movement
How would subacromial impingement present
Painful mid arc- on abduction.
Inflammation of the supraspinatus muscle.
which epicondylitis is tennis and which is golfers?
Medial is golfers
lateral is tennis
Thinning of the skin might be a sign of?
Steroid use
What is mallet finger?
Isolated flexion of the DIP
What is boutonnieres?
Flexion of the PIP and extension of the DIP
What is swan neck deformity?
Extension of the PIP and flexion of the DIP
Where are bouchards?
Where are herbedens?
Hard versus soft?
Bouchards= proximal
Herbedens= distal
Hard= OA
Squishy= synovitis e.g. RA
When is internal rotation of the hip lost early?
OA
What does a neck of femur fracture look like?
Leg which is short and externally rotated
Apparent leg length discrepancy
Not necessarily a hip problem.
Could be pelvic or spine.
Most commonly a fixed flexion deformity
Types of gaits to look out for in a hip exam?
Antalgic: painful
Wide-based Ataxic gait
High-stepping- foot drop
How would you differentiate between an anterior cruciate ligament tear and a meniscal tear and a collateral ligament tear
Anterior cruciate: Sudden onset swelling associated with haemarthrosis. Very pain and very difficult to examine within first 2 weeks
Meniscal tears: swelling which comes on within a couple of hours.
Knee may lock- be very painful
Collateral ligaments: Varus/ Valgus laxity
Why might a patient present with hyperextension of the knee?
In the young: Meniscal tear
In the elderly: OA?
How do you treat a neck of femur fracture?
If it is intracapsular:
<75- total hip replacement
> 75- hemiarthroplasty
If it is extra capsular:
- Intertrochanteric- IM nails
- Subtrochanteric: Dynamic hip screws
Flexed PIP + DIP in toes
Claw toes
Flexed PIP in toes
Hammer toe
Flexed DIP in toes
Mallet toe
Where would you measure calf muscles?
10cm below the tibial tuberosity
What is a high arch called?
Pes Cavus
What might cause a foot drop?
Common perineal nerve damage
What is the rule for ankle XRAYs?
Ottowa
- >55
- Can’t weight bear
- Pain on inferior/ posterior medial or lateral malleolus
What is the rule for ankle XRAYs?
Ottowa
- >55
- Can’t weight bear
- Pain on inferior/ posterior medial or lateral malleolus
Which is dorsiflexion in feet
Up towards the face
Flexion of the wrist?
Reverse prayer sign
