ECG Flashcards
What does atrial flutter look like?
Narrow QRS complex tachycardia
Regular atrial activity
Saw tooth pattern
3:1/ 2:1/ 4:1 block
Inverted flutter waves in II,III, aVF
What does ventricular tachycardia look like
Regular rhythm
Wide QRS complexes
No P waves
What does atrial fibrillation look like?
Irregularly irregular rhythm
Narrow QRS complexes
No P waves
What does sinus tachycardia look like?
Regular rhythm
Narrow QRS complexes
Difficult to see P waves
What might cause a vetricular tachycardia?
Drugs e.g. amiodarone, TCAs
Genetic causes: Jerrell-Lange/ Romano-ward
Electrolytes e.g. hypomagnesemia/ hypokalaemia
What does first degree HB look like?
PR interval is prolonged. More than 5 small squares or 200ms
No dropped beats
Regular rate
How long is one small square on an ECG
0.04s
How do you calculate a regular rate on an egg
300: number of large squares between QRS
What might cause 1st degree HB?
- Inferior MI
- Drugs e.g. BB/ CCB
- Hyperkalemia
- Increased vagal done
- Athletic training
What does Motibz type I look like on an ECG?
PR prolongation until a beat is dropped
QRS complex is usually NARROW.
DOES improve with ATROPINE
What does Motibz type II look like on an ECG?
No progressive PR prolongation
Randomly dropped beat
Usually have BROAD QRS complexes
Usually DO NOT improve with atropine
What does total 3rd degree HB look like?
Severe bradycardia due to failed atrial activity.
No association between P waves and QRS
Constant P-P intervals
QRS can be broad or narrow
How long should a QRS be?
0.08 and 0.12 so <3 small squares
How long should a PR interval be?
Between 3-5 small squares so 0.12-0.20s
Posterior MI?
In leads V1-V3:
ST depression
Upright T waves
Broad R waves
In leads II,III, aVF might also get ST elevation if there is an ongoing Inferior MI
How to distinguish Pericarditis from STEMI clinically?
Both have retrosternal chest pain
In pericarditis pain is worse on inspiration and in the supine position.
Relived by sitting forwards
How to distinguish pericarditis from STEMI on an ECG?
In pericarditis
Widespread ST elevation but V1 is usable spared
There are no reciprocal T wave inversions
PR depression can occur
In what lead is T wave inversion normal?
III, aVR, V1
What changes would you seen in someone who had NSTEMI MI?
ST depression
T wave inversion
How long should a QT interval be?
What is a prolonged QTc in men and women
0.36 to 0.44
so up to 11 small squares
Men>440
Women>460
What are Delta waves a sign of?
Wolff- parkinson white syndrome
With a broad QRS
j Waves
Hypothermia
Would also see
- Bradycardia
- Long QT
