Bloods Flashcards
AST> ALT
Acute cause of hepatic disease.
Associated with Alcohol consumption.
Solitary raised bilirubin with jaundice?
Pre-hepatic causes of jaundice e.g. Gilbert’s syndrome or Haemolysis
Raised ALP> X3 and/ or GGT?
Extra-hepatic disease/ cholestasis
Solitary raised ALP?
Bony mets
Vit D deficiency
Raised ALT
Moderately raised ALP
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Albumin deficiency
- Decreased protein
- normal protein
- increased protein
- Decreased protein: LIVER
- Normal protein: infection
- High protein: Myeloma/ autoimmune conditions
PT/ INR
prolonged PT with no anticoagulation would be a sign of liver disease.
Primary biliary cholangitis TESTS
IgM raised
Anti-smooth antibody raised
Hyponatremia + Hypovolemic
- Urine Na+ high
- Urine Na+ normal
High:
- Addisons
- Diuretics
- Renal impairment
Low: Loss from elsewhere
- Burns
- Diarrhoea
- Vomiting
Hyponatremia + euvolemic
- High urine NA
- Low urine NA
High :
- SIADH
- Hypothyroid
- Addrenal insufficiency
Low: water overload
Hyponatremia + overload
- High Na
Retention of water out of proportion with retention of sodium
- HF
- Hypoalbunemia
Hypernatremia
- Euvolemic
- Hypovolemic
Euvolemic
- Iatrogenic e.g. fluids/ drugs
Hypovolemic
- Small amounts of concentrated urine: Dehydration
-IF Not: Diabetes insipidus or osmotic diuretics
What might cause hyperkalemia?
- Reduced renal excretion
- Drugs e.g. potassium sparing diuretics/ ACE-i
- Increased intake e.g. fluids
- Increased tissue breakdown?
What might cause hypokalaemia
- Vomiting/ diarrhoea
- Hyperaldosternosism/ Cushings
- Diuretics - not potassium sparing
Causes of microcytic anaemia
- Thalassemia
- Anaemia of chronic disease
- Iron deficiency
- Lead poisoning
- Sideroblastic anaemia
