Osteoporosis Flashcards
1
Q
What is it?
A
a metabolic disease that depletes bone mineral density/mass, predisposing individual to fracture
1
Q
population
A
women 10x more frequently than men
2
Q
Osteoporosis can be features of what two endocrine pathologies?
A
- hyper-parathyroidism
- Cushing syndrome (hypercortisolism)
3
Q
common sites of fracture
A
- thoracic and lumbar spine
- femoral neck
- proximal humerus
- proximal tibia
- pelvis
- distal radius
4
Q
types of osteoporosis
A
- primary/postmenopausal
- senile
5
Q
primary/post menopausal osteoporosis
A
- directly related to a decrease in estrogen production
- primarily in cancellous bone
- bone becomes more sensitive to parathyroid hormone –> increased reabsorption
6
Q
Senile/Involutional Osteoporosis
A
- occurs due to a decrease in bone cell activity secondary to genetics or acquired abnormalities
- occurs in cortical and cancellous bone
7
Q
medical management
A
- calcium
- vitamin D
- estrogen
- calcitonin
- biophosphonates
8
Q
diagnostic tests
A
- CT scan to assess bone density
- single and dual photon absorptiometry
9
Q
PT goals, outcomes, interventions
A
- joint/bone protection
- maintain/improve joint mechanics and connective tissue functions
- aerobics
- patient education on dietary changes to improve mineral intake
10
Q
PT management
A
- weight bearing and resistance eeriness
- balance and fall prevention
- postural retraining, body mechanics, positioning
*** avoid lumbar forward flexion to extreme end ranges
11
Q
osteoporosis is part of the …
A
- female athlete triad
- along with amenorrhea and eating disorder
- there is a relationship between menstrual dysfunction and bone mass
- need adequate quantities of estrogen to develop optimal bone peak mass
- risk of bone loss increases with duration of amenorrhea
- risk of stress fracture
12
Q
osteoporosis is a side effect of what medication
A
- aromatase inhibitors (interferes with production of estrogen in postmenopausal women)
- long term corticosteroids use
13
Q
drug used to prevent osteoporosis
A
- Premarin
- Conjugated estrogen
14
Q
Side effects of Premarin
A
- high levels can cause cardiomyopathy/clotting disorders
- GI symptoms
- Cancer - endometrial and breast
- sodium and water retention
15
Q
DEXA results
A
-1 to +1 is considered normal bone density.
-1 to -2.5 indicates osteopenia (low bone density).
-2.5 or lower is bone density low enough to be categorized as osteoporosis
