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Conditions: Rheumatology > Osteomalacia > Flashcards

Osteomalacia Flashcards

1
Q

What causes osteomalacia?

A

LOW VIT D LEVELS

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2
Q

What are the primary causes of low vit d levels?

A

Diet

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3
Q

What are 4 secondary causes of osteomalacia?

A

CKD
Bowel disease
Hypophosphataemia
Anti-convulsants

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4
Q

How can anti convulsants reduce vit d levels?

A

Can cause chronic acidosis

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5
Q

What step in osteomalacia does low vit d3 levels lead to?

A

Defective mineralisation of bone

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6
Q

What happens to this unmineralised bone?

A

Accumulates into a matrix

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7
Q

What is the name of the matrix of unmineralised bone that accumulates in osteomalacia?

A

Osteoid

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8
Q

What are the levels of bone in osteomalacia?

A

Normal just not mineralised

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9
Q

What does osteomalacia cause in kids?

A

Rickets

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10
Q

What is rickets?

A

Defective mineralisation of the epiphyseal growth plates

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11
Q

What are the signs of rickets?

A

BOW LEGS

Soft spot on head
“Bony necklace”
Curvy bones
Big lumpy joints

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12
Q

What are the causes of hyperphosphataemia WITHOUT hypercalcuria?

A

Fanconi’s syndrome

High aluminium ingestion

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13
Q

What is fanconi’s syndrome?

A

Renal proximal tubule dysfunction

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14
Q

What are the causes of hyperphosphataemia WITH hypercalcuria?

A

Dents disease

HHRH

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15
Q

What is dents disease?

A

X linked defective chloride channel

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16
Q

What is HHRH?

A

Hereditary hyperphosphataemia rickets with hypercalcamia

17
Q

Neurological signs of osteomalacia?

A

Hyporeflexia
Parasthesia
Proximal weakness (Late sign)

18
Q

What can be seen o/e with proximal weakness?

A

Difficulty rising from chair

19
Q

What may be seen in the mouth in osteomalacia?

A

Dental deformity

20
Q

Diagnosis of osteomalacia?

A

Bloods

Imaging

21
Q

Alk phos, PTH, Calcium and phosphate levels?

A

Alk phos = high
Calcium = low
Phosphate = low (unless hyperphosphataemia)
PTH = high

22
Q

Why is PTH high?

A

Negative feedback

23
Q

What may be seen on wrist x ray in children with osteomalacia?

A

Champagne glass wrist

Conditions: Rheumatology (26 decks)

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