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Head and Neck > Osteology > Flashcards

Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

How are bones o the skull divided?

A

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

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2
Q

What is the neurocranium?

A

Calvaria - skul cap
Cranial floor
Cranial cavity

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3
Q

What is the role of the neurocranium?

A

Encase and protect the brain

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4
Q

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

A

8

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5
Q

How many bones make up the viscerocranium?

A

14

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6
Q

What is the viscerocranium?

A

The bones that make up the face and jaw

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7
Q

What bones make up the calvaria?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Sphenoid

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8
Q

What are the sutures?

A

Tough fibrous joints between bones - where soft as an infant

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9
Q

What are the different sutures?

A

Coronal suture - between parietal bones and frontal bone

Sagittal suture - between parietal bones

Lambdoid suture - between parietal bones and occipital bone

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10
Q

What is the point between the coronal and sagittal sutures called?

A

Bregma

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11
Q

What is the point between the sagittal and lambdoid suture called?

A

Lambda

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12
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Areas of membrane between bones in infants that allow the growth of the infant brain

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13
Q

When do the fontanelles fuse?

A

Anterior = 18 months - 2 years

Posterior = 1-3 months

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14
Q

What is the structure of the bone in the calvaria?

A

Trilaminar bone

  • outer table = compact bone
  • diploe = spongy bone
  • inner table - compact bone
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15
Q

What is periosteum?

A

Covering of the surface of the outer and inner table of bones that is continuous through sutures

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16
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery lie?

A

Between periosteum and inner table of bone

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17
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the periosteum?

A

Bleeds from middle meningeal artery strip away periosteum but are contained by sutures - gives the shape of extradural haemorrhages

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18
Q

What bones form the cranial floor?

A 
Frontal 
Ethmoid 
Sphenoid
Temporal 
Occipital
19
Q

What are the areas of the cranial floor?

A

Anterior fossa
Middle fossa
Posterior fossa

20
Q

What are the borders of the anterior fossa?

A

Anterior/lateral = frontal bone

Posterior/medial = limbus of sphenoid

Posterior/lateral = lesser wing of sphenoid

Floor = frontal + ethmoid + sphenoid

21
Q

What is found in the anterior fossa?

A

Crista galli - attachment for falx cerebri

Cribiform plate - supports olfactory bulb

22
Q

What are the borders of the middle fossa?

A

Anterior/lateral = lesser wing of sphenoid

Anterior/medial = limbus of sphenoid

Posterior/lateral = petrous part of temporal bone

Posterior/medial = dorsum sellae

23
Q

What is found in the middle fossa?

A 
Optic canal 
Superior orbital fissure 
Foramen rotundum 
Foramen ovale 
Foramen spinosum 
Foramen lacerum 
Carotid canal
24
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A

CNII - optic

Ophthalmic artery

25
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A 
CNIII - oculomotor 
CN IV - trochlear 
CNVa - trigeminal 
CNVI - abducens 
Ophthalmic veins
26
Q

What passes through foramen rotundum?

A

CNVb - trigeminal

27
Q

Where does the foramen rotundum open into?

A

Pterygopalatine fossa

28
Q

What passes through the foramen ovale?

A

CNVc - trigeminal

29
Q

Where does the foramen ovale open into?

A

Infratemporal fossa

30
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

Middle meningeal vei

31
Q

Where does the foramen spinosum open into?

A

Infratemporal fossa

32
Q

What passes through foramen lacerum?

A

Filled with cartilage

33
Q

What passes through the carotid canal?

A

Internal carotid

34
Q

What are the borders of the posterior fossa?

A

Anterior/medial = dorsum sella

Anterior/lateral = petrous bone

Posterior = occipital bone

Floor = temporal + occipital

35
Q

What is found in the posterior fossa?

A

Internal acoustic meatus
Hypoglossal canal
Jugular foramen
Foramen magnum

36
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CNVII - facial

CNVIII - vestibulocohlear

37
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CNXII - hypoglossal

38
Q

What passes though the jugular foramen?

A

CNIX - glossopharyngeal
CNX - vagus
Internal jugular vein

39
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

Medulla of brainstem
Meninges
Vertebral arteries
Spinal accessory nerve

40
Q

What is the pterion?

A

Thinnest area of skull

41
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the pterion?

A

Easy to fracture

Underlying anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery can cause an extradural haemorrhage

42
Q

What are the signs of skull base fractures?

A

Raccoon eyes
Battle sign - bruising behind ears
Haemotypanum
CSF ottorhea/rhinorrhea

43
Q

What bones make up the viscerocranium?

A 
Nasal
Zygomatic 
Lacrimal 
Maxilla
Mandible

Head and Neck (20 decks)

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