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Head and Neck > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What can the muscles of the face be divided into?

A

Muscles of facial expression

Muscles of mastication

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2
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

CN VII - facial

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3
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

CN V - trigeminal

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4
Q

What are the main muscles in the neck?

A 
Platysma 
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid 
Scalene muscles 
Supra-hyoids
Infra-hyoids
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5
Q

What nerves innervate the supra-hyoids?

A

Cranial nerves

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6
Q

What nerves innervate the infra-hyoids?

A

Cervical nerves

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7
Q

What is the origin of platysma?

A

Fascia of pec major and deltoid

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8
Q

What in the insertion of platysma?

A

Inferior mandible

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9
Q

What is the action of platysma?

A

Depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth

Aids in opening jaw

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10
Q

What in the innervation of platysma?

A

CN VII - facial

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11
Q

What is the origin of trapezius?

A

Skull
Nuchal ligament
Spinous processes C7-T12

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12
Q

What is the insertion of trapezius?

A

Clavicle
Acromion
Scapula spine

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13
Q

What is the action of trapezius?

A

Upper fibres = elevate scapula

Middle fibres = retract scapula

Lower fibres = pull scapula inferiorly

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14
Q

What is the innervation of trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

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15
Q

What is the origin of SCM?

A

Anterosuperior manubrium + medial 1/3 of clavicle

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16
Q

What is the insertion of SCM?

A

Mastoid process

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17
Q

What is the action of SCM?

A

Flex + laterally rotate cervical spine

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18
Q

What is the innervation of SCM?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

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19
Q

What are the scalene muscles?

A

3 paired muscles located in the lateral neck

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20
Q

What is the origin of the scalene muscles?

A

Anterior = anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-6

Middle = posterior tubercles of transverse processes C2-7

Posterior = posterior tubercles of transverse processes C5-7

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21
Q

What is the insertion of the scalene muscles?

A

Anterior = scalene tubercle on 1st rib

Middle = scalene tubercle on 1st rib

Posterior = 2nd rib

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22
Q

What is the action of the scalene muscles?

A

Anterior = elevation of 1st rib

Middle = elevation of 1st rib

Posterior = elevation of 2nd rib

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the scalene muscles?

A

Anterior = anterior rami C5-6

Middle = anterior rami C3-8

Posterior = anterior rami C6-8

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24
Q

What muscles make up the supra-hyoids?

A

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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25
Q

What is the action of the supra-hyoids?

A

Elevate the hyoid bone - action involved in swallowing

26
Q

What muscles make up the infra-hyoids

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

27
Q

What is the action of the infra-hyoids?

A

Depress hyoid bone

Apart from sternothyroid - depresses thyroid cartilige

28
Q

What are the main areas in the neck?

A

Anterior triangle

Posterior triangle

29
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A

Superior = mandible

Lateral = anterior border SCM

Medial = sagittal line

30
Q

What are the contents of the anterior triangle?

A

Supra-hyoid muscles
Infra-hyoid muscles

Common carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

CN VII - facial 
CN IX - glossopharyngeal 
CN X - vagus 
CN XI - accessory 
CN XII - hypoglossal
31
Q

What can the anterior triangle be divided into?

A

Carotid triangle
Submental triangle
Submandibular triangle
Muscular triangle

32
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior = posterior belly of digastric muscle

Lateral = medial border of SCM

Inferior = superior belly of omohyoid muscle

33
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A

Common carotid artery - bifurcates within triangle

Internal jugular vein

CNXII - hypoglossal
CNX - vagus

34
Q

What are the borders of submental triangle?

A

Inferior = hyoid bone

Medial = midline of neck

Lateral = anterior belly of digastric

35
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

Submental lymph nodes

36
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A

Superior = mandible

Anterior = anterior belly of digastric

Posterior = posterior belly of digastric

37
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

A

Submandibular salivary gland
Lymph nodes
Facial artery
Facial vein

38
Q

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A

Superior = hyoid bone

Medial = midline of neck

Supero-lateral = superior belly of omohyoid

Infero-lateral = inferior SCM

39
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior = posterior SCM

Posterior = trapezius

Inferior = middle 1/3 clavicle

40
Q

What are the contents of the posterior triangle?

A

Muscles

  • omohyoid
  • scalenes

Veins

  • external jugular
  • subclavian
  • transverse cervical
  • suprascapular

Artery
- subclavian

Nerves
- CNXI - accessory

41
Q

What splits the posterior triangle?

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid

42
Q

What is the posterior triangle split into?

A

Occipital triangle

Subclavian triangle

43
Q

What are the fascias in the neck?

A

Deep cervical fascia

Superficial cervical fascia

44
Q

Where does the superficial cervical fascia lie?

A

Between the dermis and deep cervical fascia

45
Q

What are the contents of the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Neurovascular supply to the skin

Superficial veins

Superficial lymph nodes

Fat

Platysma

46
Q

What are the layers of the deep cervical fascia?

A

Investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer
Carotid sheath

47
Q

What is the investing layer?

A

Surrounds all the structures in the neck - when it mees trapezius and SCM surrounds them

48
Q

What are the attachments of the investing layer?

A

Superior = external occipital protuberance + superior nuchal line

Anterior = hyoid

Inferior = spine/acromion of scapula, clavicle, manubrium

Posterior = nuchal ligament

49
Q

What is the pretracheal layer?

A

Layer of fascia in anterior neck between hyoid bone and pericardium

50
Q

What is enclosed by the pretracheal layer?

A

Trachea
Oesophagus
Thyroid
Infrahyoid muscles

51
Q

What is the prevertebral layer?

A

Surrounds the vertebral column and its associated muscles

52
Q

What is the carotid sheath?

A

Formed by continuations of the investing, pretracheal and prevertebral layers

53
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Cervical lymph nodes

54
Q

What happens in the carotid sheath?

A

Carotid artery bifurcates

55
Q

How are the muscles of facial expression divided?

A

Orbital
Nasal
Oral

56
Q

What are the orbital muscles of facial expression?

A

Orbicularis oculi - closes eyes

Corrugator supercilii - draws eyebrows together

57
Q

What are the nasal muscles of facial expression?

A

Nasalis - open/close nostrils

Procerus - pulls eyebrow down

Depressor septi nasi - opens nostril

58
Q

What are the oral muscles of facial expression?

A

Orbicularis oris - purses lips

Buccinator - pulls cheek inwards towards teeth

59
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

60
Q

What are the action of muscles of mastication?

A

Elevate the mandible

Head and Neck (20 decks)

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