Nose Flashcards
What are the functions of the nose?
Sense of smell Route for inspired air Filters inspired air Moistens and warms inspired air Resonating chamber for speech
What makes up the external nose?
Nasal bone
Frontal process of maxilla
Cartilage
Vestibule
What is the first sign of a nasal bone fracture?
Swelling
What is the main worry of a nasal bone fracture?
Obstruction of breathing
What is the vestibule?
Area lined with skin containing sebaceous/sweat glands and hair
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
Frontal bone
Nasal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone
What forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
Nasal septum
- ethmoid + vomer bone
- cartilage
What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
Hard palate
What forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
Bony projections (conchae)
- superior
- middle
- inferior
Meatuses - gaps between conchae
What is the role of the conchae?
Slows airflow by creating turbulence
Increases surface area
Where does the nasal septum receive its blood supply from?
Overlying perichondrium
What can happen in a nose injury?
Damage to septum - shearing blood vessels
Blood accumulates sub-perichondrium = septal haematoma
What can happen in a septal haematoma?
Saddle-nose deformity
How does a saddle-nose deformity occur?
Avascular necrosis of cartilaginous septum due to septal haematoma
What cranial nerve carries general sensation from nasal cavity?
CN V - trigeminal
What is the nasal cavity lined with?
Mucous membrane
What are the 2 parts of the nasal cavity?
Olfactory region
Respiratory region
Where does the olfactory region lie in the nasal cavity?
Superior part
What is the role of the olfactory region?
Contains olfactory receptor neruones - CN I
What is the role of the respiratory region?
Filters air - mucous + cilia
Humidifies air - watery secretions
Warms air - rich blood supply
What lines the respiratory region?
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium rich in goblet cells
What are nasal polyps?
Benign swellings of nasal mucosa
What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?
Blocked nose
Watery rhinorrhoea
Post-nasal drip
Decreased sense of smell
What may suggest a nasal tumour?
Unilateral polyp +/- blood tinged secretion
What is post-nasal drip?
Sensation of mucous dripping from back of nose down the throat
What is rhinitis?
Inflammation of the nasal mucosal lining
What can cause rhinitis?
Acute infective rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis
What are the symptoms of rhinitis?
Nasal congestion Rhinorrhoea Sneezing Nasal irritation Postnasal drip
What is epistaxis?
Nose bleed
Where does arterial supply to the nose arise?
Ophthalmic artery
Maxillary artery
What is the name of the anastomoses is the anterior septum?
Kiesselbach’s plexus
Where do veins from nasal cavity drain?
Pterygoid venous plexus
What are the branches from the ophthalmic artery?
Anterior ethmoid
Posterior ethmoid
What are the branches from the maxillary artery?
Sphenopalatine
Greater palatine
